Resumo

Testes funcionais têm sido realizados para predizer declínio cognitivo em mulheres na pós menopausa e podem ser uma ferramenta importante para identificar reduções precoces no desempenho cognitivo nessa população. No entanto, ainda não está claro qual teste funcional é mais sensível para detectar precocemente o declínio cognitivo na amostra investigada. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se há associação entre desempenho funcional e função cognitiva em mulheres na pós-menopausa e analisar se os testes de velocidade de marcha de 400 metros (Vm400) e Timed Up and Go (TUG) são preditores da função cognitiva nesta amostra. Cento e vinte oito mulheres na pós-menopausa (60,8 ± 7,9 anos) participaram deste estudo de carácter transversal. A composição corporal foi avaliada pela Absorciometria Radiológica de Dupla Energia (DXA), desempenho funcional pelos testes Vm400 e TUG, desempenho cognitivo pelo teste Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) e força muscular pela contração isométrica voluntaria máxima (CIVM) dos membros inferiores. Uma associação entre desempenho funcional e função cognitiva foi observada na amostra investigada. O teste TUG foi associado ao teste MoCA (B = -0,79; SE = 0,29; p = 0,008). No entanto, não foi observada associação entre Vm400 com o teste MoCA (B = 3,03; SE = 1,92; p = 0,117). Esses resultados mostram que o teste TUG é um bom preditor de declínio cognitivo em mulheres na pós-menopausa na meia idade.

Referências

Cho H, Gu MS, Won CW, Kong HH. Impact of premature natural menopause on body composition and physical function in elderly women: A Korean frailty and aging cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2021;100(25):e26353.

Messier V, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Barbat-Artigas S, Elisha B, Karelis AD, Aubertin-Leheudre M. Menopause and sarcopenia: A potential role for sex hormones. Maturitas. 2011;68(4):331–6.

Osawa Y, Chiles Shaffer N, Shardell MD, Studenski SA, Ferrucci L. Changes in knee extension peak torque and body composition and their relationship with change in gait speed. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2019;10(5):1000–8.

Trevisan C, Ripamonti E, Grande G, Triolo F, Ek S, Maggi S, et al. The Association Between Injurious Falls and Older Adults’ Cognitive Function: The Role of Depressive Mood and Functional performance. Newman AB, organizador. J Gerontol Ser A. 2021;76(9):1699–706.

González Silva Y, Abad Manteca L, de la Red Gallego H, Álvarez Muñoz M, Rodríguez Carbajo M, Murcia Casado T, et al. Relationship between the FRAX index and physical and cognitive functioning in older people. Ann Med. 2018;50(6):538–43.

Martínez-Velilla N, Casas-Herrero A, Zambom-Ferraresi F, Sáez de Asteasu ML, Lucia A, Galbete A, et al. Effect of Exercise Intervention on Functional Decline in Very Elderly Patients During Acute Hospitalization: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2019;179(1):28.

Scheyer O, Rahman A, Hristov H, Berkowitz C, Isaacson RS, Diaz Brinton R, et al. Female Sex and Alzheimer’s Risk: The Menopause Connection. J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2018;1–6.

Woods NF, Mitchell ES, Adams C. Memory functioning among midlife women: observations from the Seattle Midlife Women’s Health Study. Menopause N Y N. 2000;7(4):257–65.

Pertesi S, Coughlan G, Puthusseryppady V, Morris E, Hornberger M. Menopause, cognition and dementia – A review. Post Reprod Health. 2019;25(4):200–6.

Wu X, Hou G, Han P, Yu X, Chen X, Song P, et al. Association Between Functional performance and Cognitive Function in Chinese Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Serial Mediation of Malnutrition and Depression. Clin Interv Aging. 2021; Volume 16:1327–35.

Buracchio T, Dodge HH, Howieson D, Wasserman D, Kaye J. The Trajectory of Gait Speed Preceding Mild Cognitive Impairment. Arch Neurol [Internet]. 2010 [cited 22 de julho de 2020];67(8). Available from: http://archneur.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/archneurol.2010.159

Rajtar-Zembaty A, Rajtar - Zembaty J, Sałakowski A, Starowicz-Filip A, Skalska A. Global cognitive functioning and physical mobility in older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment: evidence and implications. Folia Med Cracov. 2019;LIX, 1, 2019:75–88.

Hoogendijk EO, Rijnhart JJM, Skoog J, Robitaille A, van den Hout A, Ferrucci L, et al. Gait speed as predictor of transition into cognitive impairment: Findings from three longitudinal studies on aging. Exp Gerontol. 2020;129:110783.

Cheng F-Y, Chang Y, Cheng S-J, Shaw J-S, Lee C-Y, Chen P-H. Do cognitive performance and physical function differ between individuals with motoric cognitive risk syndrome and those with mild cognitive impairment? BMC Geriatr. 2021;21(1):36.

Donoghue OA, Horgan NF, Savva GM, Cronin H, O’Regan C, Kenny RA. Association Between Timed Up-and-Go and Memory, Executive Function, and Processing Speed. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012;60(9):1681–6.

Baker JF, Long J, Leonard MB, Harris T, Delmonico MJ, Santanasto A, et al. Estimation of Skeletal Muscle Mass Relative to Adiposity Improves Prediction of Functional performance and Incident Disability. J Gerontol Ser A. 2018;73(7):946–52.

Austad SN. Sex differences in health and aging: a dialog between the brain and gonad? GeroScience. 2019;41(3):267–73.

Handing EP, Rapp SR, Chen S-H, Rejeski WJ, Wiberg M, Bandeen-Roche K, et al. Heterogeneity in Association Between Cognitive Function and Gait Speed Among Older Adults: An Integrative Data Analysis Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2021;76(4):710–5.

Podsiadlo D, Richardson S. The Timed “Up & Go”: A Test of Basic Functional Mobility for Frail Elderly Persons. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1991;39(2):142–8.

Vestergaard S, Patel KV, Bandinelli S, Ferrucci L, Guralnik JM. Characteristics of 400-Meter Walk Test Performance and Subsequent Mortality in Older Adults. Rejuvenation Res. 2009;12(3):177–84.

Nasreddine ZS, Phillips NA, Bédirian V, Charbonneau S, Whitehead V, Collin I, et al. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: A Brief Screening Tool For Mild Cognitive Impairment: MOCA: a brief screening tool for MCI. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53(4):695–9.

Maffiuletti NA, Aagaard P, Blazevich AJ, Folland J, Tillin N, Duchateau J. Rate of force development: physiological and methodological considerations. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2016;116(6):1091–116.

Benedetti TRB, Antunes P de C, Rodriguez-Añez CR, Mazo GZ, Petroski ÉL. Reproducibility and validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) in elderly men. Rev Bras Med Esporte. 2007;13:5.

Herman T, Giladi N, Hausdorff JM. Properties of the ‘Timed Up and Go’ Test: More than Meets the Eye. Gerontology. 2011;57(3):203–10.

Katsumata Y, Todoriki H, Yasura S, Dodge HH. Timed up and go test predicts cognitive decline in healthy adults aged 80 and older in okinawa: keys to optimal cognitive aging (kocoa) project. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011;59(11):2188–9.

Kawagoe T, Suzuki M, Nishiguchi S, Abe N, Otsuka Y, Nakai R, et al. Brain activation during visual working memory correlates with behavioral mobility performance in older adults. Front Aging Neurosci [Internet]. 2015 [cited 13 may 2021];7. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4586278/

Cosentino E, Palmer K, Della Pietà C, Mitolo M, Meneghello F, Levedianos G, et al. Association Between Gait, Cognition, and Gray Matter Volumes in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Healthy Controls. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2020;34(3):231–7.

Kawagoe T, Suzuki M, Nishiguchi S, Abe N, Otsuka Y, Nakai R, et al. Brain activation during visual working memory correlates with behavioral mobility performance in older adults. Front Aging Neurosci [Internet]. 2015 [cited 13 may 2021];7. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4586278/

Kose Y, Ikenaga M, Yamada Y, Morimura K, Takeda N, Ouma S, et al. Timed Up and Go test, atrophy of medial temporal areas and cognitive functions in community-dwelling older adults with normal cognition and mild cognitive impairment. Exp Gerontol. 2016;85:81–7.

Izawa KP, Shibata A, Ishii K, Miyawaki R, Oka K. Associations of low-intensity light physical activity with functional performance in community-dwelling elderly Japanese: A cross-sectional study. Brucki S, organizador. PLOS ONE. 2017;12(6):e0178654.

Acessar