Investigation on the mechanism of exercise-induced anemia oxidation stress injury

ntroduction

In order to study the mechanism of exercise-induced anemia.

Methods

32 male Sprague-Dawley were randomly divided into four groups  equally .  MDA content, erythrocyte deformability, Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase, Ca²⁺-ATPase activity of erythrocyte membrane , phosphatide and cholesterol of erythrocyte membrane as well as total their ratios after exhaustive swimming have been measured in  different phases .

Results

The results show that the MDA formation of erythrocyte membrane , especially immediately and an hour after exercise ,increases significantly（p<0.01）. It is higher than control group, 24 hour after exercise; Erythrocyte deformability remarkably falls immediately and 1h postexercise, It does not recover to normal value still；both Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase and Ca²⁺-ATPase activity of erythrocytic membrane decline significantly（p<0.05）,especially immediately postexercise and an hour after exercise, It recover to normal 24 hour postexercise. Compared with control group, total phosphatide on erythrocyte membrane declines immediately after exercise and recovers to normal value 1 hour postexercise; while cholesterol has a more markedly low than control group, immediately ,1h and 24h postexercise；cholesterol and phosphatide ratios are distinctly lower than control group, They recover normally 24h after exercise；Correlation analysis shows that erythrocyte deformability has a negative correlation with MDA content on erythrocyte membrane.

Discussion/ Conclusions

It is suggested that the increase of endogenous free radicals and lipid peroxidation induced by exhaustive swimming damage erythrocyte membrane structure, which might be one of the important reasons of exercise-induced anemia.

Table.1  Effect of exhaustive swimming on erythrocyte packing difference ,MDA content, Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase and Ca²⁺-ATPase activity of erythrocyte membrane

 

 

Group  Erythrocyte Packing     MDA        Na+-K+-ATPase        Ca2+-ATPase            Difference(EPD)        (nol/mg·protein)  (μmol·pi/mg·pro·hr) (μmol·pi/mg·pro·hr)               (%)

C     12.8±1.66       0.476±0.083       0.176±0.038           1.123±0.066                                                 Ex1   14.51± 1.16**    0.629±0.087**      0.136±0.040*         0.875±0.033**                                                    Ex2    14.90±1.12**    0.593±0.062**      0.133±0.031 **        0.872±0.070**                                                       Ex3    13.10±1.18      0.542±0.079*       0.171±0.061          1.043±0.094

[note]     * p<0.05 ，** p<0.01   compared with control group

C:  control group

Ex1: immediately group after exercise

Ex2: 1 hour group after exercise

Ex3: 24 hour group after exercise

 

 

Table.2     correlation between EPD and MDA after exhaustive swimming

 

MDA

EPD                       0.517*

                        * p<0.05

 

References

[1]. Cazzola R, Russo-Volpe S, Cervato G, Cestaro B. Biochemical assessments of oxidative stress, erythrocyte membrane fluidity and antioxidant status in professional soccer players and sedentary controls. Eur J Clin Invest. 2003 Oct;33(10):924-30.

[2]. Palazzetti S, Richard MJ, Favier A, Margaritis I. Overloaded training increases exercise-induced oxidative stress and damage. Can J Appl Physiol. 2003 Aug;28(4):588-604.

[3]. Aguilo A, Tauler P, Pilar Guix M, Villa G, Cordova A, Tur JA, Pons A. Effect of exercise intensity and training on antioxidants and cholesterol profile in cyclists. J Nutr Biochem. 2003 Jun;14(6):319-25.