Cevnautas, aos poucos vamos decolando do senso comum do "atividade física faz bem" e aprofundando com estudos específicos, como na Comunidade Oftalmologia Esportiva semana passada e, agora, com a solidão. Aprofundar e sistematizar o senso comum é tarefa da ciência, segundo o economista Gunnar Myrdal que o Prof. Rubem Alves elegeu como epígrafe do livro "Filosofia da Ciência".

Encontrei no portal Terra Saúde a nota "Evitar a solidão e se exercitar ajuda a viver mais e melhor" (1). Como o artigo cita o trabalho pelo Dr. John Cacioppo, apresentado na semana passada na SBPC dos EEUU (American Association for the Advancement of Science - AAAS), busquei o programa ecom o resumo(inho) do trabalho (2). Insatisfeito, continuei bisbilhotecando e encontrei um artigo de 14/2/1014 no The Guardia(3). Minha maior duvida, que o Aurélio não pode decifrar é se existe em portugês pra solidão e "sozinhez"(?). A solidão domal e a solidão do bem.

Os artigos:

1) Evitar a solidão e se exercitar ajuda a viver mais e melhor
 
Praticar exercícios regularmente e evitar viver sozinho permite viver mais e melhor,garantem pesquisadores americanos. "Sentir-se extremamente sozinho pode aumentar em 14% o risco de morte precoce em uma pessoa idosa. O impacto é tão nefasto quanto o fato de ser socialmente desfavorecido", diz John Cacioppo, professor de Psicologia na Universidade de Chicago, citando uma análise de vários estudos científicos publicada em 2010.

Esses trabalhos, feitos com base em uma pesquisa com 20 mil pessoas, revelam que a sensação de solidão profunda está acompanhada de perturbações do sono, hipertensão arterial, alteração do sistema imunológico e um aumento dos estados depressivos. A decisão de muitos aposentados americanos de se mudar para a Flórida (sudeste), onde o custo de vida é mais baixo, e viver "em um clima mais benigno, mas em um meio desconhecido, não é necessariamente uma boa ideia, se isto significa se afastar das pessoas às quais se está ligado afetivamente", adverte o psicólogo, que apresentou neste domingo seus trabalhos durante conferência anual da Associação Americana para o Avanço da Ciência, celebrada em Chicago (Illinois).

Com frequência, a solidão é acompanhada de vida sedentária, um fator que contribui para debilitar a saúde, acrescenta. O exercício, mesmo que seja caminhar regularmente com algum ritmo, pode diminuir pela metade os riscos de doenças cardiovasculares e de desenvolver Mal de Alzheimer. A atividade física também detém o envelhecimento normal do cérebro em pessoas idosas, explicou à AFP durante a conferência Kirk Erickson, professor de Psicologia da Universidade de Pittsburgh (Pensilvânia, leste).

Com a idade, o cérebro diminui e a atividade física permite melhorar o funcionamento geral e aumentar o volume do hipocampo em 2%, retardando, com isso, o envelhecimento, afirma Erickson, baseando-se principalmente em um estudo feito com 120 pessoas de 65 anos ou mais.

FONTE com foto e links: http://bit.ly/cev562014

2) O trabalho apresentado na AAAS

Sunday, 16 February 2014
Grand Ballroom A (Hyatt Regency Chicago) John T. Cacioppo , University of Chicago, Chicago, IL

Using a nationally representative sample of 2,101 adults aged 50 years and over from the 2002 to 2008 waves of the Health and Retirement Study, we estimate the effect of loneliness (i.e., the absence of rewarding social relationships) at one point on mortality over the subsequent six years, and investigate social relationships, health behaviors, and health outcomes as potential mechanisms through which loneliness affects mortality risk.  Loneliness was associated with increased mortality risk over a 6-year period, and that this effect is not explained by objective social relationships or health behaviors.  We also find that loneliness contributes to pathophysiological processes, including fragmented sleep and alterations in gene expression. These studies contribute to a growing literature indicating that rewarding social relationships is a protective factor for morbidity and mortality and point to potential mechanisms through which this process works.

Fonte: https://aaas.confex.com/aaas/2014/webprogram/Paper10841.html

3) O artigo do The Guardian de 16/2/2014
Loneliness twice as unhealthy as obesity for older people, study finds
Scientists found that the loneliest were nearly twice as likely to die during their six-year study than the least lonely


theguardian.com, Sunday 16 February 2014 15.32 GMT

An elderly woman looking out of her front room window
The findings point to a pending crisis in the UK as the population ages and people increasingly live alone or far from their families. Photograph: Paul Doyle/Alamy
Loneliness can be twice as unhealthy as obesity, according to researchers who found that feelings of isolation can have a devastating impact on older people.

The scientists tracked more than 2,000 people aged 50 and over and found that the loneliest were nearly twice as likely to die during the six-year study than the least lonely.

Compared with the average person in the study, those who reported being lonely had a 14% greater risk of dying. The figure means that loneliness has around twice the impact on an early death as obesity. Poverty increased the risk of an early death by 19%.

The findings point to a coming crisis as the population ages and people increasingly live alone or far from their families. A study of loneliness in older Britons in 2012 found that more than a fifth felt lonely all the time, and a quarter became more lonely over five years. Half of those who took part in the survey said their loneliness was worse at weekends, and three-quarters suffered more at night.

Previous studies have linked loneliness to a range of health problems, from high blood pressure and a weakened immune system to a greater risk of depression, heart attack and strokes. In his recent book, Loneliness, John Cacioppo, a psychologist at the University of Chicago, says that the pain of loneliness is akin to physical pain.

Cacioppo said the world was experiencing a "silver tsunami" as baby boomers reached retirement age. "People have to think about how to protect themselves from depression, low subjective well-being and early mortality," he said.

In light of the damaging health effects of loneliness, Cacioppo said people approaching retirement age might want to think twice about pulling up their roots and heading to fresh pastures to live out their retirement. He described results from the study at the American Association for the Advancement of Science meeting in Chicago.

"We have mythic notions of retirement. We think that retirement means leaving friends and family and buying a place down in Florida where it is warm and living happily ever after. But that's probably not the best idea," he said.

"We find people who continue to interact with co-workers after retirement and have friends close by are less lonely. Take time to enjoy yourself and share good times with family and friends. Non-lonely people enjoy themselves with other people."

The researchers found that some people were happy living a life of solitude. Others still felt lonely, and suffered the health impacts of loneliness, even with family and friends close by. The findings suggest that people needed to feel involved and valued by those near to them, and that company alone was not enough.

Caroline Abrahams at Age UK said the study added to a growing body of research showing that being lonely not only made life miserable for older people, but also made them more vulnerable to illness and disease.

"It's time we took loneliness seriously as a threat to a happy and healthy later life. We need to do more to support older people to stay socially connected. This is a big part of our job at Age UK and everyone can help by being a good friend or neighbour to the older people they know," she said.

Local branches of Age UK help older people through befriending schemes and other services that include home visits and phone calls for people who are feeling lonely or isolated, she added.

FONTE com fotos e links: http://bit.ly/cev572014

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