A study on the influence of gender stereotypes of athletes and achievement goal orientation on emotional response

Introduction

The purposes of the present study were to examine 1. the influence of gender stereotypes and achievement goal orientation on emotional response while winning; 2. the influence of gender stereotypes and achievement goal orientation on emotional response while losing.

Method

This study recruited 422 athletes including high school table tennis players who competed in 2002 youth elite competition and judo and tae kwon do athletes who competed in 2003 National High School Sports Event（males
=219; females=203） with mean age of 16.60(±1.11). Participants completed Emotional Responses Scale, Achievement Goal Orientation Scale, Gender Stereotypes Scale after competition. Independent two-way ANOVA statistical analyses were conducted.

Results

The result showed that:
1.There’s no interaction among gender stereotypes, achievement orientation and positive and negative emotional responses, however, there’s difference on main effect while winning.
1.1. There’s significant difference between gender stereotypes on positive emotional responses. Muscular ones were higher than non-differential ones.
1.2. There’s no significant difference between different achievement goal orientations on emotional responses.
2.There’s significant interaction among heterosexuals, low-task low ego achievement orientation group and positive emotional responses while losing.
2.1. In the low-task low ego group, the heterosexual group was found higher than muscular, famine, and non-differential.
2.2. On the gender stereotypes of heterosexual, the positive emotion was found to be significantly higher in low-task low-ego group than high-ego low-task group and high-task high ego group.
2.3. On main effect, there’s significant difference between gender stereotypes on positive emotional responses. Heterosexuals were higher than muscular, famine, and non-differential ones.
2.4. There’s no significant difference between achievement goal orientations on positive and negative emotional responses.

Discussion/Conclusions

Thus, it’s suggested that when conducting researches on the relationship between achievement goal orientation and other psychological structures in sports setting, the related factors, like self-efficacy, anxiety, ethics, and flight behaviors should be taken in consideration too.

References

[1]. Ames, C. (1992). Journal of Educational Psychology, 80, 260-267.
[2]. Bem, S. L. (1978). Psychology of woman: future diretions for research 1-23. NY: Psychological Dimensions.
[3]. Biklen, S. K., & Pollard, D. (1993). Gender and education. Chicago, NSSE: Distributed by University of Chicago Press.