An Electromyographic Study Of The Flexor Muscles Of The Elbow Articulation, In Weightlifting Trained Subjects

Introduction
Using the resources of electromyography, the present work aims at making clear which muscles are involved in the
possible ways of performing flexion exercises of the forearm, either in supination or pronation positions.

Methods
Ten male right-handed subjects, with at least one-year experience in weightlifting exercises, without previous
neuromuscular diseases, aged between 21 and 26 years, were studied in the "Larry Scott" bench, in supination and
pronation positions. After taking the "Maximum Load" (M.L.) test, or a maximum repetition, we got the needed percent
pattern to establish the loads used in the tests, which was 80% of the M.L. We also got electromyographic records using,
a six-channel electromyograph (Lynx) and the AqDados software in four different moments for each subject: an
isometric phase lasting five seconds in supination (1), keeping a 90 degrees angle between the arm and forearm; another
one in isometric pronation (2); ten repetitions lasting fifty seconds in supination (3); and ten repetitions in pronation (4).

Results
Firstly, the gross values were normalized, that is to say, the muscular activation, in RMS (Roots Mean Square), of the
phase in which 10 repetitions using 80% of the M.L., was adjusted by activating a maximum isometric contraction. This
way the percent values of the activations in each moment were evaluated. The T-Test for dependent samples was used
so that the evaluation of these values was done. The results of the normalization have shown a similar activation level in
the muscles that were involved in the same moment, either in supination or in pronation positions. Using the ANOVA
variance analysis, with p<0,05, we conclude that there was no significant difference during the action of those muscles.
This way, we can find a joint action of all the flexor muscles of the elbow to endure the load used during the effort asshown on Table1.

Conclusions
As there was an 80% overload of the M.L., a higher activation of all the flexor muscles was possible, demanding a
higher recruitment of motor units to confront the imposed load. In consequence, there was no significant difference in
the action of the muscles when changing the position of the forearm. About the efficiency of the forearm position for the
performance of the exercise, we have no doubts that the movement is helped if in supination position. In this position a
higher level of force is reached due to the efficiency of the flexor muscles of the elbow.
RASCH & BURKE, 1977, apud BANKOV e JORGENSEN, 1969, report that the torque developed when the forearm
was in pronation was near 82% of the one developed when in supination position. They also mention that previous
investigations, based on lifting weights, had concluded that one person could stand approximately two thirds of the
weight if the forearms were in pronation rather than in supination position.

References
[1]. Basmajian, J.V. Extremidad superior. In: Electrofisiologia de la accion muscular. Argentina: Buenos Aires, 1976.
[2]. Rasch, P.J. Burke, R. K. Cinesiologia e Anatomia aplicada. A ciência do movimento humano. 5a edição. 1977.

NOTA: O texto com a iconografia está no anexo

Arquivo