Atividade Física Medida Objetivamente e Níveis de Estresse em Trabalhadores: Uma Revisão Sistemática

Investigar a relação entre a atividade física medida objetivamente e o estresse ocupacional em diferentes ambientes de trabalho. Esta revisão sistemática, registrada na base de dados PROSPERO (CRD42020214884), seguiu a metodologia PRISMA. A busca ocorreu em outubro/2020 nas bases de dados: Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, MedLine/PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, OVID MEDLINE, Scielo e CINAHL. P alavras-chave relacionadas aos participantes elegíveis (adultos e trabalhadores), intervenções (atividade física medida objetivamente), comparação (grupo de controle ou medida basal), resultado (estresse) e desenho do estudo (estudos observacionais) foram combinadas usando termos booleanos. De 1.524 registros identificados, 12 artigos foram incluídos, totalizando 2.082 trabalhadores. 66,7% dos estudos foram realizados na Europa e 50,0% entre profissionais de saúde. Trabalhadores “colarinho azul” (20,7% [n = 430]) e “colarinho branco” (18,3% [n = 382]), residente médico (6,5% [n = 135]) e serviços de proteção (9,7% [n = 202]) foram as ocupações predominantes. A atividade física foi maior em trabalhadores “colarinho azul” do que em “colarinho branco”, e as enfermeiras que trabalhavam por turnos foram mais ativas comparadas as que não trabalhavam em turnos e a funcionários de escritório. O aumento da carga mental não foi associado ao tempo gasto em atividades físicas na maioria dos estudos (10 [83,3%]). Alguns estudos mostraram que a atividade física leve foi associada a maiores níveis de estresse e a moderada a vigorosa benéfica para redução das dimensões de estresse. Em conclusão, a maioria dos estudos não encontrou associação entre atividade física medida objetivamente com o nível de estresse em trabalhadores. Estudos com metodologias robustas e abrangendo diferentes grupos de trabalhadores permanecem necessários.

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