Capacidade Funcional do Idoso: Formas de Avaliação e Tendências

A avaliação da capacidade funcional (CF) dos idosos pode detectar possível risco de dependência futura, estabelecer níveis de morbidade de mortalidade, além de poder balizar intervenções direcionadas aos idosos. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse estudo foi, através de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, identificar os testes mais utilizados e o potencial de cada prova para identificação do nível de CF do idoso. O exame da literatura mostrou que CF tem sido determinada em abordagens gerais, que objetivam traçar o perfil funcional através de um único teste, como as propostas dos testes caminhada e de mobilidade. Por outro lado, pode-se determinar a CF mediante a avaliação de componentes específicos como os testes de equilíbrio, força e marcha. Geralmente, as propostas descritas seguem a idéia de que uma ação funcional, realizada de maneira mais rápida, remete ao potencial funcional do idoso. No entanto, mediante as limitações das quantificações apontadas pelos estudos, observou-se a tendência da avaliação funcional em utilizar analises qualitativas, que objetivam determinar o padrão de movimento, como uma outra via da compreensão da CF do idoso. Além disso, notou-se que a avaliação da CF tem sido indicada e desenvolvida também para aqueles que não apresentam comprometimento funcional aparente e não somente para os idosos evidentemente mais frágeis.

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