Características e Monitoramento do Tapering no Triathlon: Uma Revisão Sistemática

O tapering é o momento da periodização em que a carga de treino é reduzida visando à minimização do estresse fisiológico, biomecânico e psicológico, acarretando a otimização da performance. O objetivo foi apresentar e discutir as características e monitoramento do tapering no triathlon. A partir dos critérios de seleção estabelecidos, foram encontrados 7 artigos. As evidências apontam que no tapering para triatletas treinados deve ocorrer redução do volume na natação em torno de 41% a 60%, no ciclismo e corrida de 21% a 60%. Deve-se manter a intensidade durante o tapering com a utilização do tipo exponencial de queda rápida, durando de 8 a 14 dias no ciclismo e corrida, bem como, 21 dias na natação. O período pré tapering determina a magnitude dos efeitos do tapering, com expectativa do aumento de performance de 3% na competição.Referências 1. Aubry A, Hausswirth C, Louis J, Coutts A, Le Meur Y. Functional overreaching: the key to peak performance during the taper? 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Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, Bursa. 2013; (12): 668-678. 9. Mujika I, Padilla S, Pyne D, Busso T. Physiological changes associated with the pre-event tapering in athletes. Sports Medicine, Auckland. 2004; (34): 891-927. 10. Plews DJ, Laursen PB, Kilding AE, Buchheit M. Heart rate variability in elite triathletes, is variation in variability the key to effective training? A case comparison. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 2012; (112): 3729-41. 11. Thomas L, Busso T. A theoretical study of tapering characteristics to optimize performance. Medicine Science and Sports Exercise. 2005; (37): 1615-21. 12. Hellard P, Avalos M, Hausswirth C, Pyne D, Toussaint J, Francois A, et al.. Identifying Optimal Overload and Tapering in Elite Swimmers over Time. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 2013; (12): 668-678. 13. Mujika I. The influence of training characteristics and taperinging on the adaptation in highly trained individuals: a review. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 1998; (19): 439-46. 14. Thomas L, Mujika I, Busso T. Computer simulations assessing the potential performance benefit of a final increase in training during pre-event tapering. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2009; (23): 1729-36. 15. Le Meur Y, Pichon A, Schaal K, Schmitt L, Louis J, Gueneron J, et al. Evidence of Parasympathetic Hyperactivity in Functionally Overreached Athletes. Medicine Science and Sports Exercise. 2013; (45): 2061-71. BUCK et al. R. bras. Ci. e Mov 2017;25(3):150-158. 158 16.Coutts AJ, Slattery KM, Wallace LK. Practical tests for monitoring performance, fatigue and recovery in triathletes. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2007; (10): 372-81. 17. Meeusen R, Duclos M, Foster C, Fry A, Gleeson M, Nieman D, et al. European College of Sport Science; American College of Sports Medicine. Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the overtraining syndrome: joint consensus statement of the European College of Sport Science and the American College of Sports Medicine. Medicine Science and Sports Exercise. 2103; (45): 186-205. 18. Mujika I. Olympic Preparation of a World-Class Female Triathlete. International Journal of Sports Physiology Performance. 2013; (30): 18-23. 19. Plews DJ, Laursen PB, Stanley J, Kilding AE, Buchheit M. Training adaptation and heart rate variability in elite endurance athletes: opening the door to effective monitoring. Sports Medicine. 2013; (43): 773-81. 20.Coutts AJ, Wallace LK, Slattery KM. Monitoring changes in performance, physiology, biochemistry, and psychology during overreaching and recovery in triathletes. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 2007; (28): 125- 34. 21. Hausswirth C, Louis J, Aubry A, Bonnet G, Duffield R, Le Meur Y. Evidence of disturbed sleep and increased illness in overreached endurance athletes. Medicine Science and Sports Exercise. 2014; (46): 1036-45. 22. Al Haddad H, Laursen PB, Ahmaidi S, Buchheit M. Nocturnal heart rate variability following supramaximal intermittent exercise. International Journal of Sports Physiology Performance. 2009; (4): 435-47. 23. Dupuy O, Bherer L, Audiffren M, Bosquet L. Night and postexercise cardiac autonomic control in functional overreaching. Applied Physiology and Nutrition Metabolism. 2013; (38): 200-8. 24.Buchheit M. Monitoring training status with HR measures: do all roads lead to Rome? Frontiers Physiology. 2014; (27): 73. 25. Neal CM, Hunter AM, Galloway SD. A 6-month analysis of training-intensity distribution and physiological adaptation in Ironman triathletes. Journal of Sports Science. 2011; (29): 1515-23. 26. Dupuy O, Lussier M, Fraser S, Bherer L, Audiffren M, Bosquet L. Effect of overreaching on cognitive performance and related cardiac autonomic control. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine Science and Sports. 2014; (24): 234-42. 27. Plews DJ, Laursen PB, Le Meur Y, Hausswirth C, Kilding AE, Buchheit M. Monitoring Training With Heart Rate Variability: How Much Compliance is Needed for Valid Assessment? International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 2013; (11): 48-53. 28. Mujika I. Intense training: the key to optimal performance before and during the tapering. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine Science and Sports. 2010; (20): 24-31. 

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