Carrera Dual en Brasil: Análisis Sobre El Nivel Académico de los Jugadores de Futsal de élite

Developing an elite sport career requires efforts, being a challenge combining it with education in a context of dual career. Considering the futsal’s high social relevance in Brazil, this study aimed to analyse the academic degree of men elite futsal players in São Paulo state. Data collection occurred based on a questionnaire application to 145 Brazilian men elite futsal players, related to their own and their parents’ academic degree, and information on types of school/universities they attended. Statistical analysis was based on Chi-square, Cramer’s V and Spearman correlation tests. Discussionwas based on categories from Pierre Bourdieu’s Reflexive Sociology, with emphasis on familial cultural inheritance. Main results are: most of participants were not harmed on dual career; players that earned sport scholarships completed the basic education degrees; there was not influence from parents’ institutionalized cultural capital on players’ academic career. Concluding, majority of the participants presented better academic degree than the correspondent Brazilian stratified population. The investment on sport career seems facilitated this process, especially through sport scholarships.===Desarrollar una carrera deportiva de élite requiere esfuerzos, siendo un desafío combinarla con la educación en un contexto de carrera dual. Considerando la alta relevancia social del futsal en Brasil, este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el nivel académico de los jugadores hombres de futsal de élite en el estado de São Paulo. La recopilación de datos se basó en la aplicación de un cuestionario a 145 jugadores brasileños de futsal de élite, relacionado con el nivel académico de ellos y sus padres y madres, e información sobre los tipos de escuelas/universidades a las que asistieron. El análisis estadístico se basó en los testes Chi-cuadrado, V de Cramer y Correlación de Spearman. La discusión se basó en categoríasde la Sociología Reflexiva de Pierre Bourdieu, con énfasis en la herencia cultural familiar. Los principales resultados son: la mayoría de los participantes no sufrieron daños en la carrera dual; los jugadores que obtuvieron becas deportivas completaron los títulosde educación básica; no hubo influencia del capital cultural institucionalizado de los padres en la carrera escolar de los jugadores. En conclusión, la mayoría de los participantes presentó mejor nivel académico que la correspondiente población estratificada brasileña. La inversión en carrera deportiva parece facilitar esteproceso, especialmente a través de becas deportivas.

CITAS

Alfermann, D., & Stambulova, N. (2007). Career Transitions and Career Termination. In G. Tenenbaum & R. C. Eklund (Eds.), Handbook of Sport Psychology (pp. 712–733). Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Andersson, R., & Barker-Ruchti, N. (2018). Career paths of Swedish top-level women soccer players. Soccer and Society, 0970, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2018.1431775

Azevedo, M. F. de, Santos, W. dos, Costa, F. R. da, & Soares, A. J. G. (2017). Formação escolar e formação esportiva: Caminhos apresentados pela produção acadêmica. Movimento, 23(1), 185–200.

Baron-Thiene, A., & Alfermann, D. (2015). Personal characteristics as predictors for dual career dropout versus continuation - A prospective study of adolescent athletes from German elite sport schools. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 21, 42–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2015.04.006

Barreira, D., Garganta, J., Prudente, J., & Anguera, M. (2012). Desenvolvimento e validação de um sistema de observação aplicado à fase ofensiva em Futebol: SoccerEye. Revista Portuguesa de Ciências Do Desporto, 12(3).

Bello Junior, N. (2014). Futsal uma reflexão pedagógica. In V. Nista-Picollo & E. de Toledo (Eds.), Abordagens Pedagógicas do Esporte: modalidades convencionais e não convencionais. Campinas: Papirus.

Bourdieu, P. (1977). Outline of a theory of practice. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of capital. In J. F. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education (pp. 241–258). Greenword Press.

Bourdieu, P. (1993). Sociology in question. London: Sage Publications.

Bourdieu, P. (1998a). A escola conservadora: as desigualdades frente à escola e à cultura. In M. A. Nogueira & A. Catani (Eds.), Escritos de Educação (pp. 39–64). Petropolis: Vozes.

Bourdieu, P. (1998b). Practical reasons: on the theory of action. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Bourdieu, P. (2008). As contradições da herança. In P.

Bourdieu (Ed.), A miséria do mundo (7th ed., pp. 587–593). Petropolis: Vozes.

Bourdieu, P. (2013). A Distinção: critica social do julgamento (2nd ed.). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004

Bourdieu, P., & Passeron, J.-C. (2014). Os herdeiros: os estudantes e a cultura [The inheritors: French students and their relation to culture]. Florianópolis: Editora da UFSC.

Bourdieu, P., & Passeron, J. C. (2008). A reprodução: elementos para uma teoria do sistema de ensino. São Paulo: Vozes.

Calçade, P. (2018). Escolas particulares são sempre melhores do que as públicas? Nova Escola.

Caput-Jogunica, R., Ćurković, S., & Bjelić, G. (2012). Comparitive analysis: support for student-athletes and the guidelines for the universities in southeast Europe. Sport Science, 5(1), 21–26.

Caregnato, A. F., Szeremeta, T., Sant Ana da Luz, W. R., Silva, C. L., Costa, I., & Cavichiolli, F. R. (2015). Scientific production on futsal: analysis of dissertations and theses published in the portal Capes between 1996-2012. Motrivivência, 27(46), 15. https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-8042.2015v27n46p15

Coakley, J. (2017). Sport in society: issues and controversies (12th ed.). New York: McGrath-Hill Education.

Côté, J., & Hancock, D. J. (2016). Evidence-based policies for youth sport programmes. International Journal of Sport Policy, 8(1), 51–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2014.919338

Cribari-Neto, F., & Pereira, T. L. (2013). Avaliação Da Eficiência De Administrações Municipais No Estado De São Paulo: Uma Nova Abordagem Via Modelos De Regressão Beta. Rev. Bras. Biom., 31(2), 270–294.

Damo, A. S. (2014). Training soccer players in Brazil. Soccer and Society, 15(1), 93–107. https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2013.854570

Elliott, R. (2016). Football’s Irish exodus: Examining the factors influencing Irish player migration to English professional leagues1. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 51(2), 147–161. https://doi.org/10.1177/1012690213519786

Gil, A. C. (2008). Métodos e técnicas de pesquisa social (6th ed.). Ribeirão Preto: Atlas.

Graeff, B., Gutierrez, D. M., Sardá, T., Bretherton, P., & Bettine, M. (2019). Capable, splendorous and unequal: international media portrayals of Brazil during the 2014 World Cup. Third World Quarterly, 40(4), 796–814. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2018.1526070

Guidotti, F., Cortis, C., & Capranica, L. (2015). Dual career of european student-athletes: a systematic literature review. Kinesiologia Slovenica, 20, 5–20.

Guirola Gómez, I., Torregrosa, M., Ramis, Y., & Jaenes, J. C. (2018). Remando contracorriente: facilitadores y barreras para compaginar el deporte y los estudios. Revista Andaluza de Medicina Del Deporte, 11(1), 12–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ramd.2016.08.002

IBGE. (2010). Censo Demográfico Brasileiro.

IBGE. (2018). PNAD Contínua 2018: educação avança no país, mas desigualdades raciais e por região persistem. Retrieved from https://agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br/agencia-sala-de-imprensa/2013-agencia-de-noticias/releases/24857-pnad-continua-2018-educacao-avanca-no-pais-mas-desigualdades-raciais-e-por-regiao-persistem

INEP. (2019). Censo da Educação Básica 2019 - notas estatísticas. Retrieved from http://portal.inep.gov.br/documents/186968/0/Notas+Estatísticas+-+Censo+da+Educação+Básica+2019/43bf4c5b-b478-4c5d-ae17-7d55ced4c37d?version=1.0

Klein, L. B., & Bassani, J. J. (2016). Perfil educacional de jovens atletas de futsal em Santa Catarina: concorrência entre projetos de formação. In A. J. G. Soares, C. A. J. Correia, & L. B. S. de Melo (Eds.), Educação do corpo e escolarização de atletas: debates contemporâneos (pp. 51–78). Rio de Janeiro: 7Letras.

Knijnik, J. (2013). Visions of Gender Justice: Untested Feasibility on the Football Fields of Brazil. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 37(1), 8–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193723512455924

Lago-Peñas, C., Lago-Peñas, S., & Lago, I. (2019). Player migration and soccer performance. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(MAR), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00616

Leeds, M. A., & Leeds, E. M. (2009). International soccer success and national institutions. Journal of Sports Economics, 10(4), 369–390. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527002508329864

LNF. (2019). A Liga. Retrieved 21 November 2019, from https://ligafutsal.com.br/institucional/a-liga/

Marques, R. F. R., & Marchi Júnior, W. (2019). Media coverage on Brazilian men’s futsal: national senior team players’ perspective. Movimento, 25, e25018. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22456/1982-8918.75560

Marques, R. F. R., Schubring, A., Barker-Ruchti, N., Nunomura, M., Menezes, R. P., & Marchi Junior, W. (2017). The dual career: experiences of Brazilian men elite futsal players. Book of Abstracts of the 14th European Association for Sociology of Sport Conference, 1(June), 67.

Mascarin, R. B., Vicentini, L., & Marques, R. F. R. (2019). Brazilian women elite futsal players ’ career development : diversified experiences and late sport specialization. Motriz, 25(2), e101968.

Mateu, P., Vilanova, A., & Inglés, E. (2018). Análisis De Las Características Organizativas De Los Programas De Apoyo a Estudiantes-Deportistas De Élite En El Sistema Universitario De Cataluña. Movimento, 24(4), 1205–1218. https://doi.org/10.22456/1982-8918.82235

Miranda, I. S. de, Santos, W. Dos, & Costa, F. R. da. (2020). Dupla carreira de estudantes atletas: uma revisão sistemática nacional. Motrivivência, 32(61), 01–21. https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-8042.2020e61788

Miró, S., Pérez-Rivasès, A., Ramis, Y., & Torregrossa, M. (2018). ¿Compaginar o elegir?: La transición del bachillerato a la universidad de deportistas de alto rendimiento. Revista de Psicología Del Deporte, 27(08913), 59–68.

Moore, R., Bullough, S., Goldsmith, S., & Edmondson, L. (2014). A Systematic Review of Futsal Literature. American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 2(3), 108–116. https://doi.org/10.12691/ajssm-2-3-8

Moret, O., & Ohl, F. (2019). Social class, the elite hockey player career and educational paths. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 54(8), 899–920. https://doi.org/10.1177/1012690218765759

Morris, R., Cartigny, E., Ryba, T. V., Wylleman, P., Henriksen, K., Torregrossa, M., … Erpič, S. C. (2020). A taxonomy of dual career development environments in European countries. European Sport Management Quarterly, 0(0), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2020.1725778

Peroni, V. M. V., & Caetano, M. R. (2015). O público e o privado na educação: projetos em disputa? Retratos Da Escola, 9(17), 337–352.

Rigo, L. C., Silva, D. V., & Rial, C. S. de M. (2018). Formação de jogadores em clubes de uma cidade do interior: Circulação, escolarização einserção no futebol profissional. Movimento, 24(1), 236–274. https://doi.org/10.22456/1982-8918.71790

Rocha, H. P. A. da, Bartholo, T. L., Melo, L. B. S. de, & Soares, A. J. G. (2011). Jovens Esportistas: profissionalização no futebol e a formação na escola. Motriz, 17(2), 252–263.

Roderick, M. (2014). From identification to dis-identification: Case studies of job loss in professional football. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 6(2), 143–160. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2013.796491

Ryba, T. V., Stambulova, N. B., Ronkainen, N. J., Bundgaard, J., & Selänne, H. (2015). Dual career pathways of transnational athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 21, 125–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.06.002

Ryba, T. V., Stambulova, N. B., Selänne, H., Aunola, K., & Nurmi, J. E. (2017). “Sport has always been first for me” but “all my free time is spent doing homework”: Dual career styles in late adolescence. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 33, 131–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2017.08.011

Sampaio, B., & Guimarães, J. (2009). Diferenças de eficiência entre ensino público e privado no Brasil. Economia Aplicada, 13(1), 45–68. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-80502009000100003

Sánchez-Pato, A., Calderón, A., Arias-Estero, J. L., García-Roca, J. A., Bada, J., Meroño, L., … Sedgwick, M. (2016). Design and validation of a questionnaire about the perceptions of dual career student-athletes (ESTPORT). Cultura_Ciencia_Deporte, 11(32), 127–147. https://doi.org/10.12800/ccd.v11i32.713

Sánchez Pato, A., Conde Pascual, E., Meroño, L., Arias Estero, J. L., & García Roca, J. A. (2018). Estudio del éxito académico de un modelo universitaro de carrera dual en deportistas -estudiantes según género, nivel de estudios y deporte. Revista Española de Educación Física y Deportes: REEFD, (421), 35–47.

Silva, M. A. (2015). São Paulo: Centro Financeiro Internacional e Possíveis Impactos nas Relações de Trabalho. Augusto Guzzo Revista Acadêmica, 1(15), 132. https://doi.org/10.22287/ag.v1i15.233

Sisjord, M. K., & Sorensen, M. (2018). ‘I would not be satisfied if I had not given it a try’: the expectations and experiences of students in a high school skiing program. European Journal for Sport and Society, 15(2), 118–133. https://doi.org/10.1080/16138171.2018.1457283

Soares, A. J. G., Correia, C. A. J., & Melo, L. B. S. de. (2016). Tensões na administração da dupla carreira no esporte e na escola. In A. J. G. Soares, C. A. J. Correia, & L. B. S. de Melo (Eds.), Educação do corpo e escolarização de atletas: debates contemporâneos (pp. 9–20). Rio de Janeiro: 7Letras.

Souza, A. C. F. de, & Martins, M. Z. (2018). O Paradoxo Da Profissionalização Do Futsal Feminino No Brasil: Entre O Esporte E Outra Carreira. Pensar a Prática, 21(1), 26–39. https://doi.org/10.5216/rpp.v21i1.45075

Stambulova, N. B., Alfermann, D., Statler, T., & Côté, J. (2009). ISSP position stand: Career development and transitions of athletes. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 7(4), 395–412. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2009.9671916

Stambulova, N. B., & Wylleman, P. (2015). Dual career development and transitions. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 21, 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2015.05.003

Stambulova, N. B., & Wylleman, P. (2019). Psychology of athletes’ dual careers: A state-of-the-art critical review of the European discourse. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 42(November 2018), 74–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.11.013

Tedesco, J. C. (2014). “Feet exportation”. Brazilian futsal players in Italy and transnational networks. Campos, 15(1), 57–74. https://doi.org/10.5380/campos.v15i1.35784

Torregrosa, M., Chamorro, J. L., & Ramis, Y. (2016). Transición de júnior a sénior y promoción de carreras duales en el deporte: una revisión interpretativa. Revista de Psicología Aplicada Al Deporte y El Ejercicio Físico, 1(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.5093/rpadef2016a6

van der Meij, N., & Darby, P. (2017). Getting in the game and getting on the move: family, the intergenerational contract and internal migration into football academies in Ghana. Sport in Society, 20(11), 1580–1595. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2017.1284807

Voser, R., & Giusti, J. (2015). O futsal e a escola: uma perspectiva pedagógica (2nd ed.). Porto Alegre: Penso.

Acessar