Composição corporal e estado menopausal em mulheres com câncer de mama: uma revisão da literatura

A composição corporal de mulheres diagnosticadas com câncer de mama está propensa a alterações por fatores como idade, estado menopausal, existência e extensão da doença e tratamento antineoplásico. Este cenário é de extrema importância, já que pode vir a interferir também no resultado clínico destas. Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre composição corporal, estado menopausal e possíveis desfechos clínicos em mulheres com câncer de mama. Materiais e métodos: Revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, Scielo e Bireme. Buscaram-se artigos publicados até 2018 em português, inglês ou espanhol. Os critérios de inclusão foram: estudos longitudinais, conduzidos em mulheres na pré- e pós-menopausa, após diagnóstico de câncer de mama, em qualquer estágio e que avaliaram a relação entre estado menopausal e composição corporal. Avaliou-se a qualidade metodológica dos selecionados. Resultados: Seis estudos foram elegíveis, dentre os quais, somente quatro encontraram associação entre alterações na composição corporal e o estado menopausal nesta população. Destes, um mostrou esta relação entre pacientes na pré-menopausa, enquanto que em outros dois, esta foi estatisticamente significativa na pós-menopausa, sendo a sobrevida livre de doença a longo prazo pior nas mulheres pós-menopáusicas com alta quantidade de gordura visceral. Outro, relatou que as alterações foram similares entre ambos os estados menopausais. Conclusão: A presente revisão inova em abordar este assunto, no entanto, mostrou falta de evidências consistentes em relação aos tópicos avaliados. Ademais, visto serem escassos os trabalhos comparando a relação destes com desfechos clínicos entre esses indivíduos, mais estudos são necessários para esclarecer este contexto.

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