Efeitos do treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade em diferentes desfechos em saúde de escolares do ensino médio do sul do Brasil: Protocolo de um ensaio randomizado por cluster

Embora sejam evidentes os benefícios da prática regular de atividade física em parâmetros de saúde mental e no desempenho cognitivo, existe uma alta prevalência de inatividade física entre adolescentes. Assim, a busca por estratégias de exercício que possam gerar maior adesão a este público é importante. Objetivo: Verificar os efeitos de um programa de treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade (HIIT) na saúde mental e no desempenho cognitivo de adolescentes escolares. Métodos: Trata-se de um protocolo de ensaio randomizado por cluster, unicêntrico de dois braços (intervenção e controle). Adolescentes com idade entre 15 e 18 anos foram expostos a intervenção durante 6 semanas. Os desfechos primários são sintomas de saúde mental, mensurados pela Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse para Adolescentes, o perfil cognitivo, controle inibitório e função executiva, mensurados pela Bateria de Avaliação Cognitiva Geral – Cognifit, Teste de Cores Stroop e Teste de Trilha, respectivamente. Os desfechos secundários incluem: o peso e índice de massa corporal, a circunferência da cintura e a aptidão cardiorrespiratória. Os resultados serão analisados por protocolo e intenção de tratar. Os efeitos da intervenção serão analisados com Equações de Estimativas Generalizadas, utilizando modelos lineares e de Poisson, incorporando variáveis de tempo, grupo, um termo de interação e covariáveis de ajuste. O nível de significância aceito para testes bicaudais será de 5%. Consideração final: Espera-se que este estudo produza resultados que possam recomendar o HIIT como uma estratégia de treinamento eficaz na saúde mental e desempenho cognitivo de adolescentes.

Referências

1. World Health Organization. Physical activity. What is physical activity? [S.I.] [Online]. 2022. Disponível em: <https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physical-activity> [2024 Maio].

2. Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Global trends in insufficient physical activity among adolescents: a pooled analysis of 298 population-based surveys with 1· 6 million participants. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020;4(1):23-35.

3. Alves AR, Dias R, Neiva HP, Marinho DA, Marques MC, Sousa AC, et al. High-intensity interval training upon cognitive and psychological outcomes in youth: a systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(10):5344.

4. World Health Organization. Mental Health of Adolescents. 2021 Disponível em: <https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/adolescent-mental-health> [2025 Fevereiro].

5. Lopes CS, Abreu GA, Santos DF, Menezes PR, Carvalho KMB, Cunha CF, et al. ERICA: prevalência de transtornos mentais comuns em adolescentes brasileiros. Rev Saúde Pública. 2016;50(2).

6. Martland R, Korman N, Firth J, Vancampfort D, Thompson T, Stubbs B. Can high-intensity interval training improve mental health outcomes in the general population and those with physical illnesses? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2022;56(5):279-91.

7. Yuksel HS, Sahin FN, Maksimovic N, Drid P, Bianco A. School-based intervention programs for preventing obesity and promoting physical activity and fitness: A systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(1):347.

8. Ramires VV, Dos Santos PC, Barbosa Filho VC, Da Silva AB, Tenório MCM, De Camargo EM, et al. Physical education for health among school-aged children and adolescents: a scoping review of reviews. J Phys Act Health. 2023;20(7):586-99.

9. Duncombe SL, Barker AR, Bond B, Earle, R, Varley-Campbell J, Vlachopoulos, D, et al. School-based high-intensity interval training programs in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2022;17(5):e0266427.

10. Costigan SA, Eather N, Plotnikoff RC, Taaffe DR, Pollock E, Kennedy SG, et al. Preliminary efficacy and feasibility of embedding high intensity interval training into the school day: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Prev Med Rep. 2015;2:973-9.

11. Cao M, Quan M, Zhuang J. Effect of high-intensity interval training versus moderate-intensity continuous training on cardiorespiratory fitness in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(9):1533. d

12. Martin-Smith R, Cox A, Buchan DS, Baker JS, Grace F, Sculthorpe N. High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) improves cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in healthy, overweight and obese adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled studies. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17:2955.

13. Bauer N, Sperlich B, Holmberg HC, Engel FS. Effects of high-intensity interval training in school on the physical performance and health of children and adolescents: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Sports Med Open. 2022;8(1):50.

14. Zhu Y, Nan N, Wei L, Li T, Gao X, Lu, D. The effect and safety of high-intensity interval training in the treatment of adolescent obesity: a meta-analysis. Ann Palliat Med. 2021;10(8):8596-8606.

15. Logan GRM, Harris, N, Duncan S, Plank LD, Merien F, Schofield G. Low-active male adolescents: a dose response to high-intensity interval training. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2016;48(3):481-90.

16. Thums IA, Antunes FR. O método HIIT e seus benefícios para a qualidade de vida no século XXI. Rev Saúde AJES. 2019;5(9).

17. Costigan SA, Eather N, Plotnikoff RC, Hillman CH, Lubans DR. High-intensity interval training for cognitive and mental health in adolescents. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2016;48(10):1985-93.

18. Leahy AA, Mavilidi MF, Smith JJ, Hillman CH, Eather N, Barker D, et al. Review of high-intensity interval training for cognitive and mental health in youth. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2020;52(10):2224-34.

19. Gibala MJ, Little JP, MacDonald MJ, Hawley JÁ. Physiological adaptations to low‐volume, high‐intensity interval training in health and disease. J Physiol. 2012;590(5):1077-84.

20. Lubans DR, Smith JJ, Eather N, Leahy AA, Morgan P, Londsdale C, et al. Time-efficient intervention to improve older adolescents’ cardiorespiratory fitness: findings from the ‘Burn 2 Learn’ cluster randomised controlled trial. Br J Sports Med. 2021;55(13):751-8.

21. Vecchio FBD. HIIT: como dominar a prescrição do treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade. 2019.

22. Min L, Wang D, You Y, Fu Y, Ma X. Effects of high-intensity interval training on sleep: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(20):10973.

23. Farah BQ, Ritti-Dias RM, Balagopal PB, Colina JO, Prado WL. Does exercise intensity affect blood pressure and heart rate in obese adolescents? A 6-month multidisciplinary randomized intervention study. Pediatr Obes. 2014;9:111-31.

24. Pizzi J, Furtado-Alle L, Schiavon D, Lopes WA, Silva LR, Bono GF, et al. Reduction in butyrylcholinesterase activity and cardiovascular risk factors in obese adolescents after 12-weeks of high-intensity interval training. J Exerc Physiol Online. 2017;20:110-20.

25. Lonsdale C, Sanders T, Parker P, Noetel M, Hartwig T, Vasconcellos D, et al. Effect of a scalable school-based intervention on cardiorespiratory fitness in children: A cluster randomized clinical trial. JAMA Pediatr. 2021;175(7):680-8.

26. Chan A, Tetzlaff JM, Altman DG, Laupacis A, Gotzsche P, Krleza-Jeric K. SPIRIT 2013 Statement: Defining standard protocol items for clinical trials. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158(3):200–7.

27. Rosa SAS, Costa MPS, Castro AM, Côrrea KS. Análise do nível de atividade física, depressão, ansiedade e estresse segundo o sexo em adolescentes escolares: estudo transversal. Rev Eletr Enferm. 2023;25:73389.

28. Foster C, Florhaug JA, Franklin J, Gottschall L, Hrovatin LA, Parker S, et al. A new approach to monitoring exercise training. J Strength Cond Res. 2001;15(1):109-15.

29. Leger LA, Lambert J. A maximal multistage 20-m shuttle run test to predict VO2 max. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1982;49(1):1–12.

30. Mahar MT, Guerieri AM, Hanna MS, Kemble CD. Estimation of aerobic fitness from 20-m multistage shuttle run test performance. Am J Prev Med. 2011;41(2):117-23.

31. Guilherme FR. Efeitos do treinamento aeróbio intervalado de alta intensidade e contínuo de moderada intensidade sobre indicadores de saúde em escolares com obesidade central. 2017. Tese (Doutorado em Educação Física) – Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá; 2017.

32. Eddolls WT, McNarry MA, Stratton G, Winn CO, Mackintosh KA. High-intensity interval training interventions in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Sports Med. 2017;47:2363-74.

33. Wen D, Utesch T, Wu J, Robertson S, Liu J, Hu G, et al. Effects of different protocols of high intensity interval training for VO2max improvements in adults: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. J Sci Med Sport. 2019;22(8):941-7.

34. Cao M, Thang Y, Li S, Zou Y. Effects of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obesity children and adolescents: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(22):11905.

35. Ai JY, Chen FT, Hsieh SS, Kao SC, Chen AG, Hung TM, et al. The effect of acute high-intensity interval training on executive function: A systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(7):3593.

36. Wu Q, Niu X, Zhang Y, Song J, Chi A. A comparative study of inhibition function between high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training in healthy people: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(4):2859.

Acessar