Exercício físico na gravidez: benefícios, riscos e prescrição

Por Maria Margarida Ribeiro (Autor), Ana Andrade (Autor), Inês Nunes (Autor).

Em Journal of Perinatal Medicine, 2021.

Resumo

O objetivo deste artigo é realizar uma revisão abrangente da literatura, reunindo as evidências mais fortes sobre os riscos e benefícios e a prescrição de exercício físico durante a gravidez.

Contedo
O exercício físico regular durante a gravidez está associado a inúmeros benefícios. Em geral, as mulheres não são adequadamente aconselhadas sobre este assunto. Juntamente com as suas preocupações relativamente aos potenciais riscos associados, contribui para o abandono ou recusa de iniciar exercício físico durante a gravidez. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática na MEDLINE incluindo artigos considerados de mais alto nível de evidência científica. Cinquenta e sete artigos, incluindo 32 meta-análises, 9 revisões sistemáticas e 16 ensaios clínicos randomizados foram incluídos na revisão final da literatura.

Resumo
O exercício pode ajudar a prevenir distúrbios relevantes relacionados à gravidez, como diabetes gestacional, ganho excessivo de peso gestacional, distúrbios hipertensivos, incontinência urinária, macrossomia fetal, dor lombopélvica, ansiedade e depressão pré-natal. O exercício não está relacionado com um risco aumentado de resultados adversos maternos ou perinatais. O cumprimento das diretrizes atuais é suficiente para alcançar os principais benefícios, e o tipo e a intensidade do exercício devem basear-se no nível de condicionamento físico anterior da mulher.

Panorama
O exercício durante a gravidez é seguro tanto para a mãe como para o feto, contribuindo para prevenir distúrbios relacionados com a gravidez. O tipo e a intensidade do exercício devem ser adaptados ao nível de condicionamento físico anterior da mulher, ao histórico médico e às características da gravidez em curso.

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