From instrumentalism to humanism: the conversion of teaching pattern in school sports

Introduction

In the field of curriculum and teaching, an important "pattern conversion" has happened since 1970s, which intend to explore the individual meaning rather than the general rules of education based on the instrumentalism. A new system is establishing which cares the students’ multi-transformation and development to display the purport of humanism. But when it comes to school sports teaching, this pattern transformation is too lag. In order to solve this problem, we gave a much deeper comprehension and a much stronger theoretic sustain of educational concept on instrumentalism and humanism in this paper, and a new teaching idea based on self-organization theory was proposed too.

Methods

Literature review, compare and analyze.

Results

The sports teaching idea of instrumentalism which came from the certain scientific outlook formed from Newton, based on science and guided on certain, made the athletics sports being a mainstream of school sports teaching. Its keystone laid on that the sports teaching system is organized, the knowledge are of certain and discovered instead of creating and developing, the corresponding designed curriculum was standard and necessary for the students’ wonderful future lives, so it is undoubtedly.
The self-organizing theory burgeoned in 1970’s including dissipative structure theory, synergetics, catastrophe theory, hypercycle theory, factal theory and chaos challenged the science of certainty and kept changing people’s view of sports teaching system: as an open and complex system, its evolvement was self-organized, its foreground was determined by the inner complex non-linear action rather than the outer control force, fluctuate and chanciness not only exist all along but also play an important role.

Conclusions

To construct a self-organized sports teaching system, the following five aspects should be reinforced: study its form condition recur to dissipative structure theory; research its evolvement drive recur to synergetics theory; investigate its evolvement manner recur to hypercycle theory; study its evolvement approach recur to catastrophe theory; research its complexity recur to factal theory and chaos.

Reference

[1]. Doll,W.E.Jr. (2000).A post-modern persrective on curriculum. Beijing, Educational Science Press.
[2]. Prigogine. (1986)From being to becoming. San Francisco, W. H.Freeman.
[3]. H,Haken. (1987)Advanced synergetics. Berlin, Springer.
[4]. Tong Wu. (2001)Methodology of the self-organization. Beijing, Tsinghua University Press.