Resumo

O Gasto Energético com Exercício (GEEx) é um fator essencial para estimar a necessidade de energia diária. Porém, poucos estudos exploraram esse tema em paratletas. Esse estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o GEEx de velocistas da seleção Paralímpica Brasileira durante o período preparatório de treino. Cinco atletas velocistas com deficiência visual (2 homens e 3 mulheres) foram avaliados através de observação direta para obter informação sobre duração e características do treino. Os atletas usavam um sensor de movimento (Actical®) para avaliar o GEex.Os resultados foram expressos em equivalentes metabólicos (MET) que variaram entre 1.3 a 21.5 METs. As sessões de treino duraram cerca de duas horas/sessão e o GEEx de cada sessão variou entre 190 e 380 kcal. Concluiu-se que os atletas com deficiência visual apresentaram GEEx variando entre intensidade muito leve a muito vigorosa. Serão necessários mais estudos focando nesse tema, abrangendo mais atletas, modalidades e classificações funcionais para contribuir com o trabalho da equipe técnica que atua no para esporte.

Referências

Ainsworth, B., Haskell, W., Herrmann, S., Meckes, N., Basser Jr, D., Tudor-Locke, C., Greer, J., & Vezina, J. (2011). 2011 Compendium of Physical Activities: A Second Update of Codes and MET Values. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 43 (8), 15775–1581. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31821ece12

Ainsworth, B., Cahalin, L., Buman, M., & Ross, R. (2015). The current state of physical activity assessment tools. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 57 (4), 387–395. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2014.10.005

Anastasopoulou, P., Tubic, M., Schmidt, S., Neumann, R., Woll, A., & Härtel, S. (2014). Validation and comparison of two methods to assess human energy expenditure during free-living activities. PLoSOne,9 (2), e90606. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0090606

Aparicio-Ugarriza, R., Mielgo-Ayuso, J., Benito, P., Pedrero-Chamizo, R., Ara, I., & Gonzalez-Gross, M. (2015). Physical activity assessment in the general population; instrumental methods and new technologies. Nutrición Hospitalaria, 31 (supl. 3), 219–226. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.3305/nh.2015.31.sup3.8769

Armbruster, M., Rist, M., Seifert, S., Frommherz, L., Weinert, C., Mack, C. et al. (2018). Metabolite profiles evaluated, according to sex, do not predict resting energy expenditure and lean body mass in healthy non-obese subjects. European Journal of Nutrition, 58 (6), 2207-2217. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-018-1767-1

Blauwet, C. A., Brook, E. M., Tenforde, A. S., Broad, E., Hu, C. H., Abdu-Glass, E., & Matzkin, E. G. (2017). Low energy availability, menstrual dysfunction, and low bone mineral density in individuals with a disability: Implications for the para athlete population. Sports Medicine, 47 (9), 1697–1708. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0696-0

Broad, E., & Burke, L. (2014). Principles of sports nutrition. In E. Broad (Org.), Sports Nutrition for Paralympic Athletes (p. 23-66). London: CRC Press.

Broad, E. (2014). Vision and hearing impairment. In E. Broad (Org.), Sports Nutrition for Paralympic Athletes (p.135-142). London: CRC Press.

Broad, E., & Juzwiak, C.R. (2019). Sports nutrition in para athletes. Aspertar Sports Medicine Journal, 7 (17), 170-175. Retrieved from: https://www.aspetar.com/journal/viewarticle.aspx?id=426#.Xy2UtohKhQI

Brown, G.A., Ray, M.W., Abbey, B.M., & Shaw, I. (2010). Oxygen consumption, heart rate, and blood lactate responses to an acute bout of plyometric depth jumps in college-aged men and women. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24 (9), 2475-82. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b22b63

Chowdhury, E.A., Western, M.J., Nightingale, T.E., Peacock, O.J., & Thompson, D. (2017). Assessment of laboratory and daily energy expenditure estimates from consumer multi-sensor physical activity monitors. PlosOne,12 (2), e0171720. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171720

Collins, E., Gater, D., Kiratli, J., Butler, J., Hanson, K., & Langbein, E. (2010). Energy cost of physical activities in persons with spinal cord injury. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 42 (4), 691–700. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181bb902f

Conger, S.A., & Bassett, D.R. (2011). A compendium of energy costs of physical activities for individuals who use manual wheelchairs. Adapted Physical Activity Quartely,28 (4), 310–325. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1123/apaq.28.4.310

Crosland, J., & Boyd, C. (2014). Cerebral palsy and acquired brain injuries. In Broad, E. (Org.), Sports Nutrition for Paralympic Athletes (p.91-106). London: CRC Press.

Esliger, D., & Tremblay, M. (2006). Technical reliability assessment of three accelerometer models in a mechanical setup. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 38 (12), 2173–2181. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000239394.55461.08

Heil, D. (2006). Predicting activity energy expenditure using the actical® activity monitor. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 77 (1), 64–80. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2006.10599333

Joaquim, D.P., Juzwiak, C.R., & Winckler, C. (2018). Do paralympic track and field athletes have now energy availability?.Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, 20 (1), 71-81. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/v10.5007/1980-0037.2018v20n1p71

Juzwiak, C. R., Winckler, C., Joaquim, D.P., Silva, A., & Mello, M.T. (2016). Comparison of measured and predictive values of basal metabolic rate in Brazilian Paralympic Track and Field Athletes. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 26 (4), 330-337. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2015-0015

Juzwiak, C. R., & Joaquim, D. P. (2019). Energy availability in para athletes. In E. Broad (Org.), Sports Nutrition for Paralympic Athletes (p.71-86). London: CRC Press.

Klippel, N.J., & Heil, D.P. (2003).Validation of energy expenditure prediction algorithms in adults using the actical electronic activity monitor. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise,35 (5), S284. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200305001-01580

Loturco, I., Nakamura, F. B. Y., Winckler, C., Fonseca, R. A. D., Moraes-Filho, J., Zaccani, W. A. et al. (2017). Strength-power performance of visually impaired paralympic and olympic judo athletes from the brazilian national team: a comparative study. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31 (3), 743-749. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001525

Pelly, F., Broad, E., Stuart, N., & Holmes, M. (2017). Resting energy expenditure in male athletes with a spinal cord injury. Journal Spinal Cord Medicine, 41 (2), 208-215. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1080/10790268.2017.1317060

Price, M. (2010). Energy expenditure and metabolism during exercise in persons with a spinal cord injury. Sports Medicine,40 (8), 681–696. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.2165/11531960-000000000-00000

Schaffert, N., & Mattes, K. (2014). Effects of acoustic feedback training in elite-standard Para-Rowing. Journal Sports Science. 33 (4), 411–418. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.946438

Squarcini, C. F. R., Pires, M.L.N., Lopes, C., Benedito-Silva, A.A., Esteves, A.M., Cornelissen-Guillaume, G., Matarazzo, C., Garcia, D., Silva, M.S., Tufik, S., & Mello, M.T. (2013). Free-running circadian rhythms of muscle strength, reaction time, and body temperature in totally blind people. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 113 (1), 157–165. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-012-2415-8

Stewart, A., Marfell-Jones, M., Olds, T., & De Ridder, H. (2011). International standards for anthropometric assessment (2011 edition). International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.

Sylvia, L.G., Bernstein, E.E., Hubbard, J.L., Keating, L., & Anderson, E.J. (2014). Pratical guide to measuring physical activity. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2 (114), 199–208. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2013.09.018

Thomas, D. T., Erdman, K. A., & Burke, L. M. (2016). Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada, and the American College of Sports Medicine: Nutrition and Athletic Performance. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 116 (3), 501–528. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2015.12.006

Volp, A.C.P., Oliveira, F.C.E., Alves, R.D.M., Esteves, E.A., & Bressan, J. (2011). Energy expenditure: components and evaluation methods. Nutrición Hospitalaria, 26 (3), 430-40. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0212-16112011000300002

Winckler, C., & Miranda, A.J. (2019). The Athlete with Visual Impairment. Aspetar Sports Medicine Journal, 7 (17), 138–141. Retrieved from: https://www.aspetar.com/journal/viewarticle.aspx?id=431#.Xy2TrohKhQI

Acessar