O Acesso Aos Espaços Públicos e a Atividade Física em Mulheres Adultas Mexicanas

O artigo buscou explorar a associação entre o acesso aos espaços públicos e a atividade física em mulheres adultas mexicanas, controlando e testando para interações entre características sociodemográficas e ambientais urbanas. Combinamos dados sociodemográficos de uma pesquisa feita na população feminina adulta (18-65 anos) de Tijuana, México, realizada em 2014 (N = 2.345), e os dados de um estudo (2013) sobre espaços públicos na mesma cidade. Avaliamos o acesso aos espaços públicos pela presença e área total de espaços públicos dentro de raios de 400, 800, 1.000 e 1.600 metros em torno dos domicílios das participantes. Medimos a atividade física com a versão breve do International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-short). Foram utilizados modelos logísticos multinomiais para avaliar a associação entre o acesso aos espaços públicos e a atividade física, testando para interações entre acesso aos espaços públicos e qualidade dos espaços públicos e características sociodemográficas. Não constatamos nenhuma interação entre o acesso aos espaços públicos e a qualidade dos espaços públicos, no efeito sobre a atividade física. Houve uma associação entre a presença de espaços públicos no raio de 400 metros e maior probabilidade de estar no nível baixo de atividade física (quando comparado ao nível moderado) (coeficiente: 0,50; IC95%: 0,13; 0,87). As participantes que usavam transporte público mostraram menor probabilidade de nível baixo de atividade física (coeficiente: -0,57; IC95%: -0,97; -0,17). Sugerimos que, nesta população, o acesso aos espaços públicos pode ser menos relevante para a atividade física do que outros elementos do ambiente urbano e características sociodemográficas.

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