O efeito do bochecho de carboidrato no desempenho de movimentos de risco em ginastas rítmicas de elite submetidas à fadiga mental: um estudo crossover, randomizado, duplo-cego e controlado por placebo

Este estudo avaliou o efeito do bochecho com carboidrato (CHO) no desempenho de ginastas rítmicas da Seleção Brasileira submetidas à fadiga mental (FM). O objetivo foi verificar se o bochecho com CHO poderia atenuar os impactos negativos da FM em atletas de elite. Métodos: Participaram do estudo doze ginastas rítmicas da Seleção Brasileira, em delineamento experimental crossover, randomizado e duplo-cego. A indução de fadiga mental foi realizada por meio de tarefas cognitivas personalizadas (Stroop e n-back), mantidas até o alcance de 60% de fadiga subjetiva, mensurada por escala visual analógica (EVA), tempo de reação e frequência de piscadas. As participantes realizaram bochechos de 10 segundos com solução contendo 7% de CHO ou placebo, seguidos de teste físico composto por três movimentos de risco, avaliados por treinadores experientes. A análise estatística foi conduzida por meio de modelo linear misto. Resultados: O protocolo induziu efetivamente fadiga mental por um tempo médio de 1h26min, caracterizada pelo aumento da fadiga percebida (EVA), do tempo de reação e da frequência de piscadas, além da redução de acertos nas tarefas cognitivas. O grupo CHO apresentou escore médio significativamente maior nos movimentos de risco (4,72 ± 2,55) em comparação ao grupo placebo (4,17 ± 2,41) (p = 0,0402). Conclusão: O bochecho com CHO pode atenuar os efeitos negativos da fadiga mental no desempenho de ginastas rítmicas de elite, melhorando a execução de movimentos de alto risco. Esse benefício não metabólico, possivelmente mediado pela ativação de áreas cerebrais relacionadas ao planejamento motor e à recompensa, sugere uma estratégia ergogênica relevante para a manutenção do desempenho cognitivo e motor sem ingestão calórica.

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