O Sistema de Informação Geográfica em Pesquisas Sobre Ambiente, Atividade Física e Saúde

O Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG) é uma ferramenta importante para o gerenciamento e análises de dados geográficos relacionados com políticas, programas e desfechos no contexto da atividade física e saúde. O objetivo desse estudo é descrever os métodos e a aplicação do SIG para avaliar o ambiente relacionado à atividade física e a saúde. Algumas etapas são essenciais para o emprego do SIG, incluindo desenvolvimento de conhecimentos fundamentais à operação da ferramenta, identificação e domínio dos programas computacionais adequados às características do projeto de pesquisa, aquisição dos dados espaciais, criação e análise de indicadores e por fim a representação das informações espaciais. As informações derivadas do SIG permitem uma exatidão nas análises relacionadas a comunidades amplas, como bairros e cidades. O emprego de receptor GPS (Global Positioning System) e acelerômetro, por exemplo, pode ampliar o detalhamento de informações sobre aonde, quem, quando e quais atividades físicas são realizadas. Além disto, informações obtidas por meio de observação sistemática e auto relatos podem adicionar aspectos sobre a qualidade dos locais em que as atividades físicas são realizadas. Conclui-se que o emprego de SIG, em conjunto com outros métodos, pode auxiliar a compreensão sobre o papel das mudanças ambientais e políticas públicas voltadas ao ambiente, sobre os níveis populacionais de atividade física, assim como propiciar evidências que auxiliem o planejamento de cidades mais saudáveis.

Referências

Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1·9 million participants. Lancet Glob Heal. 2018;(18):1–10.

Hallal PC, Andersen LB, Bull FC, Guthold R, Haskell W, Ekelund U, et al. Global physical activity levels: Surveillance progress, pitfalls, and prospects. Lancet. 2012;380(9838):247–57.

Lee I-M, Shiroma EJ, Lobelo F, Puska P, Blair SN, Katzmarzyk PT, et al. Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy. Lancet. 2012;380(9838):219–29.

Ding D, Lawson KD, Kolbe-Alexander TL, Finkelstein EA, Katzmarzyk PT, van Mechelen W, et al. The economic burden of physical inactivity: a global analysis of major non-communicable diseases. Lancet. 2016;388(10051):1311–24.

Reis RS, Salvo D, Ogilvie D, Lambert E V, Goenka S, Brownson RC. Scaling up physical activity interventions worldwide: stepping up to larger and smarter approaches to get people moving. Lancet. 2016;388(10051):1337–48.

Giles-Corti B, Vernez-Moudon A, Reis R, Turrell G, Dannenberg AL, Badland H, et al. City planning and population health: a global challenge. Lancet. 2016;388(10062):2912–24.

Brownson RC, Hoehner CM, Day K, Forsyth A, Sallis JF. Measuring the Built Environment for Physical Activity. State of the Science. Am J Prev Med. 2009;36(4):99–123.

Bauman AE, Reis RS, Sallis JF, Wells JC, Loos RJF, Martin BW, et al. Correlates of physical activity: why are some people physically active and others not? Lancet. 2012;380(9838):258–71.

Heath GW, Parra DC, Sarmiento OL, Andersen LB, Owen N, Goenka. S., et al. Evidence-based intervention in physical activity: lessons from around the world. Lancet. 2012;380(9838):272–81.

Butler EN, Ambs AM, Reedy J, Bowles HR. Identifying GIS measures of the physical activity built environment through a review of the literature. J Phys Act Heal. 2011;8(1):91–7.

Hino AAF, Reis RS, Florindo AA. Ambiente construído e atividade física: uma breve revisão dos métodos de avaliação. Rev Bras Cineantropom e Desempenho Hum. 2010;12(5):387–94.

Cerin E, Conway TL, Saelens BE, Frank LD, Sallis JF. Cross-validation of the factorial structure of the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale (NEWS) and its abbreviated form (NEWS-A). Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2009;6(1):32.

Rosenberg D, Ding D, Sallis JF, Kerr J, Norman GJ, Durant N, et al. Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale for Youth (NEWS-Y): Reliability and relationship with physical activity. Prev Med. 2009;49:213–8.

Florindo AA, Guimarães VV, Farias Júnior JC, Salvador EP, Sá TH, Reis RS, et al. Validação de uma escala de percepção do ambiente para a prática de atividade física em adultos de uma região de baixo nível socioeconômico. Rev Bras Cineantropom Desempenho Hum. 2012;14(6):647–59.

Lopes AAS, Lanzoni AN, Hino AAF, Rodriguez-Añez CR, Reis RS. Perceived neighborhood environment and physical activity among high school students from Curitiba, Brazil. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2014;17(4):938–53.

Lopes AAS, Kienteka M, Fermino RC, Reis RS. Characteristics of the environmental microscale and walking and bicycling for transportation among adults in Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil. Cad Saude Publica. 2018;34(1).

Kienteka M, Reis RS. Validity and reliability of an instrument in Portuguese to assess bicycle use patterns in urban areas. Rev Bras Cineantropom Hum. 2017;19(1):17–30.

Raftery J, Powell J. Health Technology Assessment in the UK. Lancet. 2013;382(9900):1278–85.

Polisena J, De-Angelis G, Kaunelis D, Gutierrez-Ibarluzea I. Environmental impact assessment of a health technology: a scoping review. Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 2018;34(3):317–26.

Kirby RS, Delmelle E, Eberth JM. Advances in spatial epidemiology and geographic information systems. Ann Epidemiol. 2017;27(1):1–9.

Steiniger S, Bocher E. An overview on current free and open source desktop GIS developments. Int J Geogr Inf Sci. 2009;23(10):1345–70.

Dumith SC, Hallal PC, Reis RS, Kohl HW. Worldwide prevalence of physical inactivity and its association with human development index in 76 countries. Prev Med (Baltim). 2011;53(1–2):24–8.

Forsyth A, Schmitz KH, Oakes M, Zimmerman J, Koepp J. Standards for Environmental Measurement Using GIS: Toward a Protocol for Protocols. J Phys Act Heal. 2006;3(1):241–57.

Stewart OT, Carlos HA, Lee C, Berke EM, Hurvitz PM, Li L, et al. Secondary GIS built environment data for health research: Guidance for data development. J Transp Heal. 2016;3(4):529–539.

Silva AT, Fermino RC, Lopes AAS, Alberico CO, Reis RS. Distance to fitness zone, use of facilities and physical activity in adults. Rev Bras Med Esporte. 2018;24(2):157–61.

Silva ICM, Hino AAF, Lopes AAS, Ekelund U, Brage S, Gonçalves H, et al. Built environment and physical activity: domain- and activity-specific associations among Brazilian adolescents. BMC Public Health. 2017;17(1):616.

Carlson JA, Saelens BE, Kerr J, Schipperijn J, Conway TL, Frank LD, et al. Association between neighborhood walkability and GPS-measured walking, bicycling and vehicle time in adolescents. Health Place. 2015;32:1–7.

Mccrorie PR, Fenton C, Ellaway A. Combining GPS, GIS, and accelerometry to explore the physical activity and environment relationship in children and young people – a review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2014;11:93.

Alberico CO, Schipperijn J, Reis RS. Use of global positioning system for physical activity research in youth: ESPAÇOS Adolescentes, Brazil. Prev Med (Baltim). 2017;103:S59–65.

Nakamura PM, Teixeira IP, Papini CB, Fernandes RA, Kokubun E. Associação da caminhada no lazer e no transporte com ambiente construído em adultos do Município de Rio Claro-SP. Rev Bras Ativ Fís Saúde. 2013;18(4):424-35.

Hino AAF, Reis RS, Sarmiento OL, Parra DC, Brownson RC. The built environment and recreational physical activity among adults in Curitiba, Brazil. Prev Med (Baltim). 2011;52(6):419–22.

Onnom W, Tripathi N, Nitivattananon V, Ninsawat S. Development of a Liveable City Index (LCI) Using Multi Criteria Geospatial Modelling for Medium Class Cities in Developing Countries. Sustainability. 2018;10(2):520.

Reis RS, Akira A, Hino F, Rech CR, Kerr J, Hallal PC. Walkability and physical activity. Am J Prev Med. 2013;45(3):269–75.

Winters M, Teschke K, Brauer M, Fuller D. Bike Score®: Associations between urban bikeability and cycling behavior in 24 cities. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2016;13(1):18.

Frank LD, Fox EH, Ulmer JM, Chapman JE, Kershaw SE, Sallis JF, et al. International comparison of observation‑specific spatial buffers: maximizing the ability to estimate physical activity. Int J Health Geogr. 2017;16(4):1–13.

Chillón P, Molina-García J, Castillo I, Queralt A. What distance do university students walk and bike daily to class in Spain. J Transp Heal. 2016;1–6.

Prins RG, Pierik F, Etman A, Sterkenburg RP, Kamphuis CBM, Van Lenthe FJ. How many walking and cycling trips made by elderly are beyond commonly used buffer sizes: Results from a GPS study. Health Place. 2014;27:127–33.

Sallis JF, Cerin E, Conway TL, Adams MA, Frank LD, Pratt M, et al. Urban environments in 14 cities worldwide are related to physical activity. Lancet. 2016;387(15).

Silva NN, Cunha TN, Quintanilha JA. Amostra mestra e geoprocessamento: Tecnologias para inquéritos domiciliares. Rev Saude Publica. 2003;37(4):494–502.

Reis RS, Hino AAF, Florindo AA, Anez CR, Domingues MR, Añez CRR, et al. Association between physical activity in parks and perceived environment: a study with adolescents. J Phys Act Heal. 2009;6(4):503–9.

Jaime PC, Duran AC, Sarti FM, Lock K. Investigating environmental determinants of diet, physical activity, and overweight among adults in Sao Paulo, Brazil. J Urban Heal. 2011;88(3):567–81.

Mendes LL, Nogueira H, Padez C, Ferrao M, Velasquez-Melendez G. Individual and environmental factors associated for overweight in urban population of Brazil. BMC Public Health. 2013;13(1):988.

Melo EN, Barros M, Reis RS, Hino AAF, Santos CM, Farias Junior JC. Is the environment near school associated with active commuting to school among preschoolers? Rev Bras Cineantropom e Desempenho Hum. 2013;15(4):393–404.

Cain KL, Geremia CM, Conway TL, Frank LD, Chapman JE, Fox EH, et al. Development and reliability of a streetscape observation instrument for international use: MAPS-global. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2018;15(1):1–11.

Lee RE, Booth KM, Reese-Smith JY, Regan G, Howard HH. The Physical Activity Resource Assessment (PARA) instrument: Evaluating features, amenities and incivilities of physical activity resources in urban neighborhoods. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2005;2(1):13.

Bedimo-Rung AL, Gustat J, Tompkins BJ, Rice J, Thomson J. Development of a direct observation instrument to measure environmental characteristics of parks for physical activity. J Phys Act Heal. 2006;3(1):176–89.

Silva I, Mielke G, Nunes B, Böhm A, Blanke A, Nachtigall M, et al. Espaços públicos de lazer: distribuição, qualidade e adequação à prática de atividade física. Rev Bras Ativ Fis Saúde. 2015;20(1).

Mavoa S, Witten K, McCreanor T, O’Sullivan D. GIS based destination accessibility via public transit and walking in Auckland, New Zealand. J Transp Geogr. 2012;20(1):15–22.

Hino AAF, Reis RS, Sarmiento OL, Parra DC, Brownson RC. Built environment and physical activity for transportation in adults from Curitiba, Brazil. J Urban Heal. 2014;91(3):446–62.

Brown G, Schebella MF, Weber D. Using participatory GIS to measure physical activity and urban park benefits. Landsc Urban Plan. 2014;121:34–44.

Taylor BT, Fernando P, Bauman AE, Williamson A, Craig JC, Redman S. Measuring the quality of public open space using Google Earth. Am J Prev Med. 2011;40(2):105–12.

Villanueva K, Knuiman M, Nathan A, Giles-Corti B, Christian H, Foster S, et al. The impact of neighborhood walkability on walking: Does it differ across adult life stage and does neighborhood buffer size matter? Heal Place. 2014;25:43–6.

Madsen T, Schipperijn J, Christiansen LB, Nielsen TS, Troelsen J. Developing suitable buffers to capture transport cycling behavior. Front Public Heal. 2014;2:61.

Acessar