Resumo

O Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG) é uma ferramenta importante para o gerenciamento e análises de dados geográficos relacionados com políticas, programas e desfechos no contexto da atividade física e saúde. O objetivo desse estudo é descrever os métodos e a aplicação do SIG para avaliar o ambiente relacionado à atividade física e a saúde. Algumas etapas são essenciais para o emprego do SIG, incluindo desenvolvimento de conhecimentos fundamentais à operação da ferramenta, identificação e domínio dos programas computacionais adequados às características do projeto de pesquisa, aquisição dos dados espaciais, criação e análise de indicadores e por fim a representação das informações espaciais. As informações derivadas do SIG permitem uma exatidão nas análises relacionadas a comunidades amplas, como bairros e cidades. O emprego de receptor GPS (Global Positioning System) e acelerômetro, por exemplo, pode ampliar o detalhamento de informações sobre aonde, quem, quando e quais atividades físicas são realizadas. Além disto, informações obtidas por meio de observação sistemática e auto relatos podem adicionar aspectos sobre a qualidade dos locais em que as atividades físicas são realizadas. Conclui-se que o emprego de SIG, em conjunto com outros métodos, pode auxiliar a compreensão sobre o papel das mudanças ambientais e políticas públicas voltadas ao ambiente, sobre os níveis populacionais de atividade física, assim como propiciar evidências que auxiliem o planejamento de cidades mais saudáveis.

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