Pandemia de covid-19, aptidão física e desfechos de saúde em pessoas idosas com hipertensão: um estudo longitudinal

Este estudo examinou as mudanças em desfechos relacionados à saúde cardiovascular, comportamentos de movimento e composição corporal em pessoas idosas com hipertensão após 15 meses do início da pandemia de covid-19. Métodos: Quinze pessoas idosas foram incluídas neste estudo longitudinal com acompanhamento de 15 meses. As avaliações incluíram estrutura e função cardíaca, marcadores de saúde vascular (rigidez arterial, função endotelial e espessura médio-íntimal da carótida), pressão arterial de 24 horas e variabilidade da frequência cardíaca, aptidão cardiorrespiratória, atividade física (AF) e comportamento sedentário (CS) avaliados por acelerometria e composição corporal. Modelos lineares generalizados de efeitos mistos foram utilizados para a análise dos dados. Resultados: Após 15 meses, os participantes apresentaram aumento significativo do CS (β = 41 min/dia; p = 0,007), redução da AF de intensidade leve (β = ‒39 min/dia; p = 0,008), diminuição da contagem de passos (β = ‒1.343 passos/dia; p = 0,002) e redução do consumo máximo de oxigênio (β = ‒1,7 mL/kg/min; p = 0,034). Observou-se também uma pequena, porém significativa, redução na espessura da parede posterior do ventrículo esquerdo (β = ‒0,5 mm; p = 0,046). Não foram encontradas alterações significativas nos demais desfechos (p > 0,05). Conclusão: Alterações deletérias nos comportamentos de movimento e na aptidão cardiorrespiratória foram observadas 15 meses após o início da pandemia de Covid-19 em pessoas idosas com hipertensão, apesar da ausência de mudanças significativas em uma gama mais ampla de desfechos relacionados à saúde cardiovascular.

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