Pré-condicionamento Isquêmico e Desempenho Físico: Uma Revisão Sistemática Sobre os Protocolos

Introdução: O pré-condicionamento isquêmico (PCI) tem se destacado como eventual recurso ergogênico, mas a sua eficácia ainda é inconclusiva. Como não há padronização dos protocolos de PCI (tempo de oclusão/liberação do fluxo sanguíneo muscular), talvez possa existir dependência dos resultados em relação ao protocolo utilizado. Objetivo: O objetivo desta revisão sistemática foi analisar detalhes de protocolos de PCI utilizados em estudos que testaram o efeito ergogênico do PCI sobre o desempenho físico. Métodos: Revisão sistemática de artigos no Pubmed. Dezenove artigos foram selecionados e analisados. Resultados: Os protocolos são heterogêneos (1 a 8 ciclos de oclusão/reperfusão; 30 a 40 min no total; 50 a 300 mmHg de pressão na fase de oclusão; tempo (entre o fim do PCI e o início do exercício) variou de “logo após” até 90 min. Conclusão: O protocolo de PCI mais comum consiste em 4 ciclos de 5 min de oclusão/reperfusão (40 min no total), utilizando 220 mmHg de pressão na fase de oclusão e início do teste físico “logo após” até ~20 min.

Referências

Arriel RA, de Souza HLR, da Mota GR, Marocolo M. Declines in exercise performance are prevented 24 hours after post-exercise ischemicconditioning in amateur cyclists. v. 9;13(11):e02070532018 Nov. 2018.PLoS One doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207053.

Garcia, C.; Mota, G. da; Marocolo, M..Cold Water Immersion is Acutely Detrimental but Increases Performance Post-12 h in Rugby Players. International Journal Of Sports Medicine, [s.l.], v. 37, n. 08, p.619-624, 2 maio 2016. Georg Thieme Verlag KG. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1565200

da Mota, GR; Marocolo, M. The Effects of Ischemic Preconditioning on Human Exercise Performance: A Counterpoint. Sports Medicine, [s.l.], v. 46, n. 10, p.1575-1576, 26 jul. 2016. Springer Nature. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0595-9

Marocolo, M; Mota, GR da. Pré-condicionamento isquêmico e desempenho: há viabilidade/racionalidade na sua aplicação? Arquivos de Ciências do Esporte, [s.l.], v. 6, n. 1, p.2-4, 16 jun. 2018. GaloaEventsProceedings. http://dx.doi.org/10.17648/aces.v6n1.2552.

Lionati, JR. et al. Brief periods of occlusion and reperfusion increase skeletal muscle force output in humans. Cardiologia 43: 1355–1360, 1998

Groot, PCE. de et al. Ischemic preconditioning improves maximal performance in humans. European Journal Of Applied Physiology, [s.l.], v. 108, n. 1, p.141-146, 18 set. 2009. Springer Nature. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-009-1195-2.

Incognito, AV.; BURR, JF.; MILLAR, PJ.. The Effects of Ischemic Preconditioning on Human Exercise Performance. Sports Medicine, [s.l.], v. 46, n. 4, p.531-544, 8 dez. 2015. Springer Nature. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0433-5.

Bardin, L. Análise de conteúdo. Lisboa: Edições 70, 1977.

Caru, M et al. Remote ischaemic preconditioning shortens QT intervals during exercise in healthy subjects. European Journal Of Sport Science, [s.l.], v. 16, n. 8, p.1005-1013, 8 mar. 2016. Informa UK Limited. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2016.1156161.

Cocking, Scott et al. Is There an Optimal Ischemic-Preconditioning Dose to Improve Cycling Performance? International Journal Of Sports Physiology And Performance, [s.l.], v. 13, n. 3, p.274-282, mar. 2018. Human Kinetics. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2017-0114.

Cruz, RSO et al. Effects of ischemic preconditioning on maximal constant-load cycling performance. Journal Of Applied Physiology, [s.l.], v. 119, n. 9, p.961-967, nov. 2015. American Physiological Society. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00498.2015.

Cruz, RSOet al. Effects of ischemic preconditioning on short-duration cycling performance. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, And Metabolism, [s.l.], v. 41, n. 8, p.825-831, ago. 2016. Canadian Science Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2015-0646.

Martin, JS. et al. Preconditioning with peristaltic external pneumatic compression does not acutely improve repeated Wingate performance nor does it alter blood lactate concentrations during passive recovery compared with sham. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, And Metabolism, [s.l.], v. 40, n. 11, p.1214-1217, nov. 2015. Canadian Science Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2015-0247.

Patterson, SD. et al. The Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning on Repeated Sprint Cycling Performance. Medicine & Science In Sports & Exercise, [s.l.], v. 47, n. 8, p.1652-1658, ago. 2015. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000000576

Marocolo, M et al. Ischemic Preconditioning and Placebo Intervention Improves Resistance Exercise Performance. Journal Of Strength And Conditioning Research, [s.l.], v. 30, n. 5, p.1462-1469, maio 2016. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000001232

Paradisi-Deschênes, P; Joanisse, DR.; Billaut, F. Ischemic preconditioning increases muscle perfusion, oxygen uptake, and force in strength-trained athletes. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, And Metabolism, [s.l.], v. 41, n. 9, p.938-944, set. 2016. Canadian Science Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2015-0561

Tanaka, D. et al. Ischemic Preconditioning Enhances Muscle Endurance during Sustained Isometric Exercise. International Journal Of Sports Medicine, [s.l.], v. 37, n. 08, p.614-618, 13 maio 2016. Georg Thieme Verlag KG. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1565141.

Lisbôa, FD. et al. The time dependence of the effect of ischemic preconditioning on successive sprint swimming performance. Journal Of Science And Medicine In Sport, [s.l.], v. 20, n. 5, p.507-511, maio 2017. Elsevier BV. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2016.09.008.

Macorolo, M. et al. Beneficial Effects of Ischemic Preconditioning in Resistance Exercise Fade Over Time. International Journal Of Sports Medicine, [s.l.], v. 37, n. 10, p.819-824, 27 jun. 2016. Georg Thieme Verlag KG. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-109066.

Page, W; Swan, Rl; Patterson, SD. The effect of intermittent lower limb occlusion on recovery following exercise-induced muscle damage: A randomized controlled trial. Journal Of Science And Medicine In Sport, [s.l.], v. 20, n. 8, p.729-733, ago. 2017. Elsevier BV. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2016.11.015.

Sabino-carvalho, JL. et al. Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning on Endurance Performance Does Not Surpass Placebo. Medicine & Science In Sports & Exercise, [s.l.], v. 49, n. 1, p.124-132, jan. 2017. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000001088.

Marocolo, IC. et al. Acute ischemic preconditioning does not influence high-intensity intermittent exercise performance. Peerj, [s.l.], v. 5, p.1-13, 30 nov. 2017. PeerJ. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4118.

Marocolo, M. et al. Myths and Facts About the Effects of Ischemic Preconditioning on Performance. International Journal Of Sports Medicine, [s.l.], v. 37, n. 02, p.87-96, 28 out. 2015. Georg Thieme Verlag KG. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1564253

James, CA. et al. Ischaemic preconditioning does not alter the determinants of endurance running performance in the heat. European Journal Of Applied Physiology, [s.l.], v. 116, n. 9, p.1735-1745, 12 jul. 2016. Springer Nature. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-016-3430-y

Zinner, C; Born, DP; Sperliche, B. Ischemic Preconditioning Does Not Alter Performance in Multidirectional High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise. Frontiers In Physiology, [s.l.], v. 8, p.1-7, 12 dez. 2017. Frontiers Media SA. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.01029.

Cocking, S. et al. The impact of remote ischemic preconditioning on cardiac biomarker and functional response to endurance exercise. Scandinavian Journal Of Medicine & Science In Sports, [s.l.], v. 27, n. 10, p.1061-1069, 19 jul. 2016. Wiley. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sms.12724.

Seeger, JP.h. et al. Is delayed ischemic preconditioning as effective on running performance during a 5 km time trial as acute IPC? Journal Of Science And Medicine In Sport, [s.l.], v. 20, n. 2, p.208-212, fev. 2017. Elsevier BV. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2016.03.010.

Corme, P; Mcguigan, MR.; Newton, R U.. Developing Maximal Neuromuscular Power. Sports Medicine, [s.l.], v. 41, n. 2, p.125-146, fev. 2011. Springer Nature. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/11538500-000000000-00000

Bailey, TG. et al. Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning on Lactate Accumulation and Running Performance. Medicine & Science In Sports & Exercise, [s.l.], v. 44, n. 11, p.2084-2089, nov. 2012. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e318262cb17.

Garcia, CA; da Mota, GR; Marocolo M. Cold water immersion is acutely detrimental but increases performance post-12 h in rugby players. International Journal of Sports Medicine. v. 37, n. 8, p. 619–624, 2016. Georg Thieme Verlag KG. http://doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1565200.

Gimenes SV. et al. Compression Stockings Used During Two Soccer Matches Improve Perceived Muscle Soreness and High-Intensity Performance. Journal of Strength Conditioning and Research. v. publish ahead of print, 2019. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). http:// doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003048.

Pavin LN et al. Can Compression Stockings Reduce the Degree of Soccer Match-Induced Fatigue in Females? Research in Sports Medicine. v. 27, n. 3, p. 351-364, 2019. Taylor Francis Online. http://doi: 10.1080/15438627.2018.1527335.

Simim MAM et al. The quantification of game-induced muscle fatigue in amputee soccer players. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. v. 57, n. 6, p. 766–772, 201

Acessar