Recomendações de Exercício Físico Após Adoecimento Por Covid-19: Revisão de Escopo

Além dos efeitos agudos, o adoecimento por COVID-19 pode deixar sintomas e sequelas persistentes por um longo período. O exercício físico pode ser uma importante contramedida durante o processo de recuperação de doenças, porém pouco se sabe a respeito dos efeitos dessa prática em pessoas convalescentes da COVID-19. O presente estudo apresenta uma revisão de escopo de recomendações para a prática de exercícios físicos após adoecimento por COVID-19 (fases aguda e pós-aguda). Foi realizada uma busca eletrônica nas bases: Cochrane, PEDro, PubMed, SciELO, Sport Discus e Web of Science. A leitura do título e resumo, dos artigos na íntegra e extração dos dados foi realizada por dois revisores independentes. Foram encontradas 445 referências, sendo 16 estudos incluídos na versão final. Entre os estudos incluídos, são citados com maior frequência: 1) recomendações para maiores de 18 anos, com diferentes graus de acometimento; 2) reabilitação à distância e uso de equipamentos de proteção individual nos procedimentos de biossegurança; 3) testes de aptidão física e avaliações clínicas; 4) saturação de oxigênio e a frequência cardíaca para monitoramento da sessão; 5) programas com mais de um tipo de exercício (multicomponente), sendo os exercícios aeróbios e de força os mais indicados, e; 6) necessidade de prescrição individualizada e intervenção multiprofissional. O programa de reabilitação deve considerar as peculiaridades individuais e a gravidade da COVID-19, com prescrição centrada na melhoria geral. Baseados em estudos frágeis, a eficácia do exercício físico na reabilitação após COVID-19 não pode ser confirmada. Ensaios clínicos randomizados controlados devem ser realizados.

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