Regra Olímpica 50 e Neutralidade Política: é Hora de Uma Virada?

Desde 1955, a Carta Olímpica (CO) declara que não deve haver eventos estranhos nos Jogos Olímpicos (JO), em particular de natureza política. A chamada regra 50 proibiu o uso dos Jogos para externalizar as ideias de alguém. As violações foram, principalmente, devido ao comportamento simbólico de atletas que foram punidos, apesar de exigirem respeito por direitos humanos fundamentais que foram transgredidos em muitas regiões do mundo. A primeira pergunta que este ensaio coloca é: a regra é um impedimento injustificado para agir por uma justa causa? Eventos políticos internacionais recentes e, em particular, o conflito armado russo-ucraniano despertou um interesse renovado na declarada apolítica e neutralidade do Movimento Olímpico (MO) e sua eficácia na promoção da paz, alcançando os objetivos do Olimpismo. A segunda questão deste ensaio é: esse posicionamento é sempre reconciliável com eventos reais? Concluir-se-á que a atual regra 50 adere às regras do direito internacional enquanto a neutralidade deve ser repensada e sacrificada caso torne menos eficaz a prossecução dos objetivos de paz e justiça. As duas questões são independentes, mas podem agir de maneiras complementares para buscar objetivos legítimos do MO.

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