Tactics In Cross-country Skiing Of Women Ski Racers Olympians

Introduction
Ski racers’ change of speed depends on the terrain engrave, sliding conditions in different stretches of the track, as well
as, ski racer’s physical and technical preparedness, equipment and tactics during the competition [1, 2, 4]. The ski
racers’ competitive efficiency and distance gaining tactics depends on the organism adaptation to physical load in
different energetic supply zones [3].
The main factors of ski racers’ physical working capacity during the competition are as follows: functional capacity of
cardiovascular and respiratory systems and production efficiency of mechanical energy in muscles [3].
Physical, technical and psychic preparedness of higt mastery skiers are nearly of the same level and that’s why during
competition the win is frequently determined by the right chosen distance surmount tactics.

The aim of the research

- is to analyze the tactics of women ski racers during a skiing competition in Salt Lake City
Olympic Winter Games.
The meta-analysis and comparative analysis of official skiing competition documents - minutes have been done.
According to data, presented in official documents, we have determined the following indices of ski racers competitive
activity that characterize it: differences (in per cents) between women ski racers results reaching the first distance part
and reaching the second distance part during a competition of 15 km and 30 km distance; mean speed in the whole
distance; mean speed of women ski racers in separate parts of the distance we have determined according to ski racers
results, fixed in checkpoints; top class women ski racers taken places in separate parts of a distance.
The tactics of women ski racers during a skiing competitions reaching 10 km in classical style, 15 km in free style and
30 km in classical style have been analyzed. Totally we have analyzed 149 variants of distance reach tactics. We have
calculated arithmetic mean ( x ), standard divergence (±SD).

Results
B. Skari (Norway) the champion of 10 km ski race in classical style was the fastest in the following track stretches:
from 5.8 km to 8.7 km - 6.99 m/s and 8.7 km -10 km - 6.67 m/s and in the first part of the track from the start to 2 km
her sliding speed was 5.36 m/s (5th place) and from 2.5 km to 5.8 km - 5.49 m/s (2-3 places). Silver medal winner O.
Danilova (Russia) in the first part of the distance slid faster than all others ski racers: from the start to 2 km her sliding
speed was 5.57 m/s and from 2 km to 5.8 km - 5.5 m/s, but in the second part of the distance she slid a little slower than
the bronze medal winner.
During 15 km ski race in free style (mass start) only eight ski racers women, who took 1-7 places and 33, 35, 36 places
from 1-55, reached second part of a distance faster than the first one and sliding speed of all the rest ski racers in the
second part of a distance was lower. Mean sliding speed ( x ±SD) of ski racers from fist tenth was highest in the
following distance stretches: 1.9 km - 7.5 km - 6.35±0.31 m/s and 11.6 - 15 km - 6.28±0.17 m/s and the lowest speed
was from the start to 1.9 km - 5.52±0.05 m/s and from 7.5 to 11-6 km - 6.21±0.04 m/s. During 30 km ski race in
classical style 17 ski racers women from 43 reached the second part of a distance (15 km) faster than the first one. Mean
sliding speed ( x ) of ski racers from fist tenth in separate distance stretches changed as follows: from the start to 7.2 km
- 4.99±0.29 m/s, from 7.2 km - 15 km - 5.81±0.12 m/s; 15 km -20.5 km -5.01±0.14 m/s and 20.5 km -30 km -
5.52±0.09 m/s (table 1).
Table 1. Sliding speed change of the strongest world skiers’ women during 30 km classical style competitions in Solt Lake City Olympic Winter
Games ( x ±SD)

Conclusions
Elite ski racers women start the race in high but optimal speed in the first kilometers of a distance, take leading
positions and try to keep it till the finish. Sliding speed of ski racers in distance stretches change and track relief
determines this change. Ski racers women, who took lower places, start the race in lower speed and both in heaviest and
easiest track stretches slide slower.

References
[1]. Bolodeu, B., B. Roy, and M. R. Boulay (1994). Med. Sci Sports Exers., Vol. 26, No.5, 637-641.
[2]. Gregory, R., W., S. F. Humphrevs, G. M. Street (1994). Journal of Applied Biomechanices, 10, 382-392.
[3]. Ingjer, F. (1991). Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 1, 25-30.
[4]. Street, G. M. and R. W. Gregory (1994). Journal of Applied Biomechanices, 10, 393-399.

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