Transtorno de estresse pós-traumático e interações psicofisiológicas de padrões cerebrais, exercício e tratamento não medicamentoso: uma revisão integrativa

O transtorno de estresse pós-traumático (TEPT) é um problema de saúde mental proeminente em militares veteranos e, também, na população em geral. Podendo durar desde apenas alguns meses a muitos anos, causa diversas incapacidades aos indivíduos que sofrem com o transtorno. Existem opções não medicamentosas que podem, não apenas contribuir, como até mesmo serem necessárias para a recuperação integral de pacientes com TEPT.

Objetivo: Examinar as interações entre aspectos fisiológicos-psicofisiológicos e eletrofisiológicos (padrões corticais) com exercício físico, buscando possíveis alternativas não-medicamentosas para o tratamento de pacientes com transtorno de estresse pós-traumático (TEPT).

Resultados e Discussão: A disfunção do hipocampo é causa de TEPT e problemas no funcionamento cerebral (ansiedade, depressão e comprometimento cognitivo), além de prejuízos na função mitocôndria e na neuroplasticidade. O exercício físico e a neuromodulação autorregulatória podem contribuir, e até serem indispensáveis, para a recuperação desses pacientes.

Conclusão: Exercícios físicos, por meio da melhora induzida do nível do fator neurotrófico derivado do cérebro, do aprimoramento da função mitocondrial e da indução à neuroplasticidade e a taxa de apoptose no hipocampo contribui para a recuperação de pacientes com TEPT. Além disso, indica-se a neuromodulação autorregulatória.

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