Treinamento aquático e terrestre em desfechos funcionais e glicêmicos de pessoas com Diabetes Tipo 2: dados preliminares do Aquatic and Land Exercise for Diabetes - ensaio clínico randomizado

Pessoas com diabetes tipo 2 (DM2) apresentam baixa aderência e desconforto associado às práticas de exercício tradicionais, por isso, modalidades alternativas como exercício em meio aquático devem ser investigadas. Objetivos: Verificar os efeitos de 11 semanas do treinamento combinado (aeróbio e força) em diferentes meios (aquático e terrestre) sobre desfechos funcionais e glicêmicos de pacientes com DM2. Métodos: Dados preliminares de um ensaio clínico randomizado comparador, com dois grupos em paralelo. Participaram adultos e idosos com DM2 de ambos os gêneros, com idade entre 45 e 80 anos. O programa de treinamento foi aplicado três vezes por semana, em dias alternados, sendo realizado treinamento combinado no meio aquático (AQUA) ou terrestre (LAND). Foram avaliados, na linha de base e na 12ª semana, o desempenho nos testes: caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6M), Sentar e Levantar (SL), Sentar e Alcançar pelo Banco de Wells (Flex), TUG em velocidade habitual (TUG-h) e máxima (TUG-m) e controle glicêmico (glicose e insulina em jejum, HOMA-IR e HbA1c). Resultados: Participaram 37 pessoas (18 mulheres, 60,45 ± 8,72 anos). A aderência ao treinamento foi de 87,1 ± 12,9% no AQUA e 81,8 ± 15,5% no LAND (p = 0,231). Ambos os grupos apresentaram melhoras no TC6M, TUG-h, TUG-m e Flex (p < 0,001), enquanto apenas o AQUA apresentou melhoras no SL (p < 0,001). Não houve diferença significativa no controle glicêmico. Conclusão: Os treinamentos, aquático e terrestre melhoraram a capacidade funcional de pacientes com DM2, com destaque para melhora apenas no no AQUA na força dos membros inferiores. Ainda, 11 semanas não modificaram
significativamente o controle glicêmico destes pacientes.

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