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Jönsson T, Granfeldt Y, Ahrén B, Branell UC, Pålsson G, Hansson A, Söderström M, Lindeberg S.

Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Box 117, 221 00 Lund, Sweden. Tommy.Jonsson@med.lu.se

BACKGROUND: Our aim was to compare the effects of a Paleolithic (’Old Stone Age’) diet and a diabetes diet as generally recommended on risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes not treated with insulin. METHODS: In a randomized cross-over study, 13 patients with type 2 diabetes, 3 women and 10 men, were instructed to eat a Paleolithic diet based on lean meat, fish, fruits, vegetables, root vegetables, eggs and nuts; and a Diabetes diet designed in accordance with dietary guidelines during two consecutive 3-month periods. Outcome variables included changes in weight, waist circumference, serum lipids, C-reactive protein, blood pressure, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), and areas under the curve for plasma glucose and plasma insulin in the 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. Dietary intake was evaluated by use of 4-day weighed food records. RESULTS: Study participants had on average a diabetes duration of 9 years, a mean HbA1c of 6,6% units by Mono-S standard and were usually treated with metformin alone (3 subjects) or metformin in combination with a sulfonylurea (3 subjects) or a thiazolidinedione (3 subjects). Mean average dose of metformin was 1031 mg per day. Compared to the diabetes diet, the Paleolithic diet resulted in lower mean values of HbA1c (-0.4% units, p = 0.01), triacylglycerol (-0.4 mmol/L, p = 0.003), diastolic blood pressure (-4 mmHg, p = 0.03), weight (-3 kg, p = 0.01), BMI (-1 kg/m2, p = 0.04) and waist circumference (-4 cm, p = 0.02), and higher mean values of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (+0.08 mmol/L, p = 0.03). The Paleolithic diet was mainly lower in cereals and dairy products, and higher in fruits, vegetables, meat and eggs, as compared with the Diabetes diet. Further, the Paleolithic diet was lower in total energy, energy density, carbohydrate, dietary glycemic load, saturated fatty acids and calcium, and higher in unsaturated fatty acids, dietary cholesterol and several vitamins. Dietary GI was slightly lower in the Paleolithic diet (GI = 50) than in the Diabetic diet (GI = 55). CONCLUSION: Over a 3-month study period, a Paleolithic diet improved glycemic control and several cardiovascular risk factors compared to a Diabetes diet in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Cientistas da Lund University, Suécia, compararam os efeitos da dieta da idade da pedra lascada com a dieta geralmente recomendada em pacientes diabéticos do tipo II com o objetivo de identificar qual oferece um maior controle dos fatores de risco de doença cardiovascular.

Na pesquisa a dieta de recomendada aos diabéticos são refeições uniformemente distribuídas com legumes, raízes (cenoura, batata, aipim), fibras, pão de integral e outros cereais integrais, e frutas, diminuindo a ingestão da gordura total e gordura não saturada. O consumo de sal recomendado foi abaixo de 6 g/dia.

Os pesquisadores aconselharam o grupo da dieta paleolítica a seguir uma dieta que deveria estar baseado em carne magra, peixe, fruta, folhosas e vegetais crucíferos (brócolis, couve), raízes, ovos e nozes, excluindo derivados de leite, feijões, gorduras refinadas, açúcar, doce, refrigerantes, cerveja e adição extra de sal.

Não houve restrição calórica em nenhuma das duas dietas. Depois de comparar os efeitos das duas dietas durante 3 meses, os pesquisadores  concluíram que a dieta de paleolítica reduziu o HbA1c, peso, IMC e circunferência de cintura, pressão sanguínea, triglicerídeos e aumentou HDL mais significativamente do que a dieta geralmente prescrita aos diabéticos.

Diante dos resultados clínicos a dieta de paleolítica indica que é um tratamento muito efetivo para deficiência orgânica metabólica moderna, sobre-peso e obsidade, resistência de insulina e intolerância de glicose. Ou seja, a dieta industrial moderna causa deficiência orgânica metabólica.

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