- Picerno, P., Tessitore, A. & Zok, M. (2008). Biomechanical in-field performance evaluation using wearable inertial sensors: a case study on soccer players sprint ability (Biomechanische Felduntersuchung mit tragbaren Trägheitssensoren: Fallstudie Sprintfähigkeit von Fußballspielern).In P. O’Donoghue & A. Hökelmann (Hrsg.), World Congress of Performance Analysis of Sport VIII. (Magdeburg: Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Department of Sports Science (Hrsg.), 2008.- S. 20-22, S. 20-22).
Since soccer players often perform sprints that include fast speed variations, a SBS test could be more indicative of their performance than a linear run test. Since results do not support a correlation between SL and SBS tests, more specific analysis is needed to evaluate the player’s ability to run fast with speed variations. The methodology adopted in this study allowed to characterize the execution of the required motor task highlighting kinematic and energetic quantities observed. The inverse correlation observed between the anterior and lateral mechanical powers during braking revealed that, to reduce progression velocity during braking, subjects absorbed anterior power and generated lateral power proportionally. The contribution of the vertical power in braking was minimal, which might be due to the characteristic run of soccer players and the motor task they usually have to solve during a match. (Mikrofiche-Nummer: 306128)
- Milanovic, D., Sporis, G., Jukic, I., Vuleta, D. & Simek Salaj, S. (2008).Performannace analysis in sport games - methodological approach (Leistungsanalyse in den Sportspielen - Ein methodologischer Ansatz). In P. O’Donoghue & A. Hökelmann (Hrsg.), World Congress of Performance Analysis of Sport VIII. (Magdeburg: Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Department of Sports Science (Hrsg.), 2008.- S. 20-22, S. 37-47).
Adequate research methods and procedures have provided insights and findings which, on the one hand, have confirmed that it is feasible to scientifically analyse situation efficiency in sport games, and on the other, the obtained findings have been built in the sport games training technologies thus strongly contributing to reputation of Croatian basketball, football, volleyball, handball and waterpolo in the world. Certain approaches to scientific research on sport games, in which Croatian athletes have achieved remarkable results, have been presented in the article. In future, further advances in performance measurement systems are expected, aimed at better registration and analysis of situation efficiency parameters and its influence to final match outcome. Enabling the obtained findings and inferences to be integrated in everyday practice of sport games should improve training effects and competition results. (Mikrofiche-Nummer: 306130)
- Davies, C., James, N., Taylor, J. & Caudrelier, T. (2008). A comprehensive assessment of tactical soccer performance using a manual tagging system (Eine umfassende Bewertung der taktischen Leistung im Fußball unter Einsatz eines manuellen Aufzeichnungssystems). In P. O’Donoghue & A. Hökelmann (Hrsg.), World Congress of Performance Analysis of Sport VIII. (Magdeburg: Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Department of Sports Science (Hrsg.), 2008.- S. 20-22, S. 53-57).
Taylor et al. (2005) examined the tactical aspect of soccer performance at playing position level by constructing spatial profiles of on the ball behaviours for different pitch areas which did not include off the ball movements, something Reilly and Thomas (1976) suggested accounts for around 98% of player movements. This paper addressed this issue by examining both on the ball behaviours and off the ball movements. At the simplest level there appeared to be a reasonable relationship between on the ball behaviours and off the ball movements with correlation coefficients ranging between 0.53 and 0.89. However, it was recognised that players did not operate in some areas of the pitch to any great extent i.e. sometimes no on the ball behaviours and a very small proportion of the overall time (<5%) spent in some areas. When these areas were discarded from the analyses the relationship between on and off the ball variables sometimes changed dramatically e.g. the full back’s correlation changed from 0.74 to 0.18. This would suggest that at least for some situations the frequency of on the ball behaviours does not correspond to the amount of time spent in a particular area. Thus a single analysis of either on the ball behaviour or a work rate analysis does not give the full picture. In the example provided here it would seem that the full back only went into some areas to perform on the ball behaviours whereas in other areas a great deal of time was spent in off the ball activity. This type of insight suggests that both on and off the ball behaviours should be analysed to provide details of the interaction between the two types of activity. The extent to which match conditions e.g. match status or quality of the opposition (Taylor et al., 2008) affect this relationship should also be examined. (Mikrofiche-Nummer: 306132)
- Robinson, G. & O’Donoghue, P. (2008). A case-study comparison of analysing soccer performance using the Bloomfield movement classification and a new system (Robinson Movement Classification) (Ein Fallstudienvergleich der Analyse der sportartspezifischen Leistung im Fußball mit der Bloomfield-Bewegungsklassifikation und einem neuen System (Robinson-Bewegungsklassifikation)). In P. O’Donoghue & A. Hökelmann (Hrsg.), World Congress of Performance Analysis of Sport VIII. (Magdeburg: Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Department of Sports Science (Hrsg.), 2008.- S. 20-22, S. 138-143).
Bloomfield et al. (2004) suggested that the truly intermittent nature and diversity of actions within team sports can be better captured by a larger category system and by estimating the intensities involved. Although there are a significant number of sources of variation including, individual performance capacity, position and importance of the competition, by having numerous observations of players a representative profile can be established of the physical demands of different positions. However, in using an intricate analysis tool such as the BMC, it becomes increasingly difficult to identify patterns within data sets.The present investigation addressed this issue by drawing comparisons between the BMC and the RMC. Direct comparison of the 2 approaches, using the same video footage for analysis, highlighted several differences. The main findings highlighted that the BMC approach regards turns as instantaneous events. However, turning movements are the fundamental elements which comprise the RMC approach. The turns in this approach are clearly defined and comprise a durational aspect as they encompass movements pre- and post turn. Bloomfield et al. (2007) suggested that agility requirements of soccer can be enlightened by knowledge of the volume and type of turning movements performed during competitive matches. Hence, the evolution of the RMC approach could prove vital to the development of agility training and also to the understanding of movements associated with injury risk.Bloomfield et al. (2007) suggested that the nature of movements that turns are performed within or between can be analysed by exploring temporal relationships between movements performed pre and post turn. However, by adopting the RMC approach, movement patterns are immediately, easily recognizable. Adopting this approach enables immediate results to be acquired in the absence of certain temporal pattern analyses which are both time-consuming and on occasion fail to deduce desirable outcomes (Bloomfield et al., 2005).Concurrently, results acquired using the BMC approach reflected an overestimation of the occurrence of movement instances (933 compared to 447 using the RMC approach). The analysis detailed movements as singular entries and failed to enable the analyst to recognise certain patterns within the movement instances that are ’hinged’ by turns or path changes. These results were supported by those of Bloomfield et al. (2007) who found that when modifiers are considered in isolation, the frequencies and mean durations reported show that some instances of locomotive movements are composed of different segments where locomotive movement is performed in different directions or at varying intensity (Bloomfield et al., 2007). When considering temporal analysis especially of high intensity bursts of activity, this aspect of performance is indeed of high importance (Spencer et al., 2005). (Mikrofiche-Nummer: 306139)
- Merni, F., Palmieri, A. & Schincaglia, M. (2008). Performance models in the English and Italian professional soccer championships (Leistungsmodelle in der englischen und italienischen Profiliga im Fußball). In P. O’Donoghue & A. Hökelmann (Hrsg.), World Congress of Performance Analysis of Sport VIII. (Magdeburg: Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Department of Sports Science (Hrsg.), 2008.- S. 20-22, S. 144-151).
The success in the Premier League appears especially associated with the attack’s performance, while in the Italian Serie A the defense’s performance seems more determinant, although Italian forwards are be a bit more prolific. Mean bookings and expulsion values are markedly higher in the Serie A, indicating a more nervous and uncontrolled play and/or a higher severity of referees.The number of substitutions in the last two quarters shows significant differences between the two Leagues, indicating that coaches have different strategic conceptions when using substitutions. Furthermore, a higher number of substitution should be allowed by wider teams’ lists in the Italian championship.The cluster analysis showed the different roles of draws in the two championships. The drawing, especially in home games, is associated to failure in the Serie A, while it assumes a different meaning in the Premier League, being linked to the goals scored by defenders. The cluster analysis carried out on each team enables to detect the correspondence of the team behaviour vs. the model performance of the entire league. Thus, typical and atypical clubs may be characterized. The single match performance indices may be useful to the coach from a technical and tactical perspective, while time series analyses performed on the entire season may suggest valid information for the physical training program, differentiating between the positional roles. (Mikrofiche-Nummer: 306140)
- Alday, L., Perea, A., Castellano, J. & Hernandez-Mendo, A. (2008). Polar coordinate analysis of the soccer World Championships using Matlab (Polare Koordinatenanalyse der Fußball-Weltmeisterschaft mit Matlab). In P. O’Donoghue & A. Hökelmann (Hrsg.), World Congress of Performance Analysis of Sport VIII. (Magdeburg: Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Department of Sports Science (Hrsg.), 2008.- S. 20-22, S. 152-160).
Using the m-file CoordenadasPolares.m facilitates the researcher to apply the polar coordinates technique. Although it has been specifically developed for use in the context of sport, its characteristics make it applicable to the observation of other natural contexts. A space proximity connection between the zones in their right and left laterality was found, in the ultra-defensive and ultra-offensive field areas. Furthermore, a space proximity connection backwards was found in the ultra-offensive field areas, which stresses the intern logic of soccer. A proximity connection backwards and forwards appears also in the defensive, middle and offensive field areas, with the intention of reaching middle or superior field areas. Symmetry related to a longitudinal axis which divides the field into a right and a left laterality was found, besides a transverse symmetry axis which divides the field into a forward and a backward area. This is, the area covered by the teams is similar in the right and left laterality as well as in the forward and backward areas.The categories (zones) which are activated or inhibited by the focal behaviours considered in this study (Z5 and Z12) show that the tactical/strategic component is clearly influenced by the zone of play in which it is produced. In this regard, it is necessary to highlight the importance of the concept of ’oriented space’, which characterizes and determines the evolution of play in soccer. The ’spatial proximity’ of the use of space (using zones that are contiguous) is another feature that determines the specific nature of play. Despite the habitual movement of the ball from one goal area to another we have been able to demonstrate how the use of space by the two opposing teams has significant unique features. An example of this would be the maps of relationships estimated for both zones (Z5 and Z12). The repertory of zones that inhibit and/or stimulate each of the focal zones underlines the important role played by space (proximity or distance from the goal being attacked or defended) in the dynamics of play.The description of events, respecting their chronological order of appearance, is a first step for describing and understanding the nature of play which often remains hidden from the observer’s view. Having more information about rivals, knowing their ’preferred routes’ for play and the patterns of play they tend to use during a match will facilitate a team’s preparation and decisionmaking to use in a future encounter. (Mikrofiche-Nummer: 306141)
- Gomez Lopez, T., Alcalde, J. A. & Barriopedro Moro, M. I. (2008).Differences in playing actions between men and women in elite soccer teams. (Unterschiede bei den Spielaktionen zwischen Männern und Frauen im Hochleistungsbereich Fußball). In P. O’Donoghue & A. Hökelmann (Hrsg.), World Congress of Performance Analysis of Sport VIII. (Magdeburg: Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Department of Sports Science (Hrsg.), 2008.- S. 20-22, S. 237-242).
The obtained results suggest that the pattern of shots is different between top male and female soccer teams.Male teams took more individual chances to finish the attacks. The individual differences between the players of the two genres can probably explain this behavior, though deeper analysis is needed.The higher precision of the shots in female players was not reflected in a higher goal average due to the differences in strength of the attackers or in the skill of the goalkeepers. (Mikrofiche-Nummer: 306155)
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Carlos Eduardo Rangel de Moura
em 16 de Setembro de 2009 às 10:46.
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