Futebol

O Centro Esportivo Virtual, em parceria com Institut für Angewandte Trainingswissenschaft, informa a publicaçao dos seguintes artigos:

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  1. Chelly, M. S., Cherif, N., Amar, M. B., Hermassi, S., Fathloun, M., Bouhlel, E., Tabka, Z. & Shephard, R. J. (2010). Relationships of peak leg power, 1 maximal repetition half back squat, and leg muscle volume to 5-m sprint performance of junior soccer players (Beziehungen der Maximalwerte der Beinleistung, der halbtiefen Kniebeuge mit Maximallast (1 Wiederholung) und dem Beinmuskelvolumen zur 5-m-Sprintleistung von Juniorenfußballspielern). J. Strength & Condit. Res., 24 (1), 266-271. Zugriff am 12.01.2010 unter http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&term=1064-8011%5Bjour%5D%20AND%2024%5Bvolume%5D%20AND%20266%5Bpage%5D&doptcmdl=abstract
     

     Performance over very short distances (1-5 m) is important in soccer. We investigated this in 23 male regional-level soccer players aged 17.2 +/- 0.7 years, filming body markers to determine the average velocity and acceleration over the first step (VS and AS) and the first 5 m (V5, A5). Data were related to scores on a force-velocity test, squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), and 1 maximal repetition (1 RM) half back squat. Leg and thigh muscle volumes were also assessed anthropometrically. V5 was positively correlated with leg and thigh muscle volumes (r = 0.61, p < 0.05; r = 0.43, p < 0.05, respectively), SJ power (absolute and relative to body mass, r = 0.45, p < 0.05; r = 0.43, p < 0.05, respectively), absolute force-velocity leg power (r = 0.49, p < 0.05), and 1 RM half back squat (r = 0.66, p < 0.001). The use of dimensional exponents did not change coefficients materially. VS was also correlated with leg muscle volume and 1 RM back half squat (r = 0.56, p < 0.01; r = 0.58, p < 0.01, respectively) and more weakly with force-velocity leg power and SJ force (r = 0.49, p < 0.05; r = 0.46, p < 0.5, respectively). However, the CMJ was unrelated to velocity or acceleration. Sprinting ability is correlated with measures of power and force such as the force-velocity test, SJ, and 1 RM half back squat; such measures thus offer useful guidance to soccer coaches who wish to improve the short-distance velocity of their players. (Mikrofiche-Nummer: 18725)

  2. Bangsbo, J., Marcello Iaia, F. & Krustrup, P. (2007). Metabolic response and fatigue in soccer (Stoffwechselreaktion und Ermüdung im Fußball). Int. J. Sports Physiology and Performance, 2 (2), 111-127. Zugriff am 18.01.2010 unter http://hk.humankinetics.com/IJSPP/viewarticle.cfm?jid=6fqe8YJy6qxp7U426hux3v2R6khu4s8a6hvq4b&aid=8283&site=6fqe8YJy6qxp7U426hux3v2R6khu4s8a6hvq4b&custnum=0808F8BE933AFAA8&cprice=EUR
     

     The physical demands in soccer have been studied intensively, and the aim of the present review is to provide an overview of metabolic changes during a game and their relation to the development of fatigue. Heart-rate and body-temperature measurements suggest that for elite soccer players the average oxygen uptake during a match is around 70% of maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max). A top-class player has 150 to 250 brief intense actions during a game, indicating that the rates of creatine-phosphate (CP) utilization and glycolysis are frequently high during a game, which is supported by findings of reduced muscle CP levels and severalfold increases in blood and muscle lactate concentrations. Likewise, muscle pH is lowered and muscle inosine monophosphate (IMP) elevated during a soccer game. Fatigue appears to occur temporarily during a game, but it is not likely to be caused by elevated muscle lactate, lowered muscle pH, or change in muscle-energy status. It is unclear what causes the transient reduced ability of players to perform maximally. Muscle glycogen is reduced by 40% to 90% during a game and is probably the most important substrate for energy production, and fatigue toward the end of a game might be related to depletion of glycogen in some muscle fibers. Blood glucose and catecholamines are elevated and insulin lowered during a game. The blood free-fatty-acid levels increase progressively during a game, probably reflecting an increasing fat oxidation compensating for the lowering of muscle glycogen. Thus, elite soccer players have high aerobic requirements throughout a game and extensive anaerobic demands during periods of a match leading to major metabolic changes, which might contribute to the observed development of fatigue during and toward the end of a game. (Mikrofiche-Nummer: 18764)

  3. Oliver, J. L., Armstrong, N. & Williams, C. A. (2007). Reliability and validity of a soccer-specific test of prolonged repeated-sprint Ability (Reliabilität und Validität eines fußballspezifischen Tests der wiederholten Langzeitsprintfähigkeit). Int. J. Sports Physiology and Performance, 2 (2), 137-149. Zugriff am 18.01.2010 unter http://hk.humankinetics.com/IJSPP/viewarticle.cfm?jid=6cqa7BqB6haw7U6X6nzc3sXy6fwf7eGP6nty2g&aid=8285&site=6cqa7BqB6haw7U6X6nzc3sXy6fwf7eGP6nty2g
     

     The purpose of the study was to assess the reliability and validity of a newly developed laboratory protocol to measure prolonged repeated-sprint ability (RSA) during soccer-specific exercise. Methods: To assess reliability, 12 youth soccer players age 15.2 ± 0.3 y performed 2 trials of a soccer-specific intermittent-exercise test (SSIET) separated by 3 months. The test was performed on a nonmotorized treadmill. A separate sample of 12 youth soccer players (15.2 ± 0.3 y) completed the SSIET while simultaneously HR, VO2, and blood lactate (BLa) were monitored. The SSIET was designed to replicate the demands of competing in one half of a soccer match while sprint performance was monitored. The test included a 5-s sprint every 2 min. Results: The mean coefficient of variation was 2.5% for the total distance covered during the SSIET and 3.8% for the total distance sprinted; measures of power output were less reliable (=5.9%). Participants covered 4851 ± 251 m during the SSIET, working at an average intensity of 87.5% ± 3.2% HRpeak and 70.2% ± 3.1% VO2peak, with ~7mmol/L BLa accumulation. A significant reduction (P < .05) in sprint performance was observed over the course of the SSIET. Conclusion: The SSIET provided a reliable method of assessing prolonged RSA in the laboratory. The distance covered and the physiological responses during the SSIET successfully recreated the demands of competing in a soccer match. (Mikrofiche-Nummer: 18766)

  4. Avloniti, A. A., Douda, H. T., Tokmakidis, S. P., Kortsaris, A. H., Papadopoulou, E. G. & Spanoudakis, E. G. (2007). Acute effects of soccer training on white blood cell count in elite female players (Akute Effekte von Fußballtraining auf die Zahl der weißen Blutzellen von Hochleistungsfußballspielerinnen). Int. J. Sports Physiology and Performance, 2 (3), 239-249. Zugriff am 19.01.2010 unter http://hk.humankinetics.com/IJSPP/viewarticle.cfm?jid=Xb2wYf3zXg8cWmFuXr6yRhh2Xp7dV8jaXr6&aid=10423&site=Xb2wYf3zXg8cWmFuXr6yRhh2Xp7dV8jaXr6
     

     To investigate the acute changes in leukocyte number and cortisol after a single bout of soccer training. Methods: Ten elite female national-team soccer players and 8 nonathletes participated in the study. The duration of the exercise was 2 h, and it was performed at an intensity of 75% of maximal heart rate (HRmax). Blood samples were taken before, immediately after, and 4 h after a soccer training session to determine total white blood cells; the subsets of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils; and cortisol.At the same time, blood samples were obtained from nonathletes who refrained from exercise. Results: Data analysis indicated a significant increase in total white blood cells in the athletes postexercise (P < .001). The leukocytosis was still evident after 4 h of recovery (78% higher than the preexercise values), and there was a significant difference between athletes and nonathletes (P < .001). This leukocytosis was primarily caused by neutrophilia—there were no significant differences in lymphocytes after the end of exercise or between the 2 groups (P > 0.05). In addition, there was a statistically significant difference in cortisol concentration between athletes and nonathletes after the exercise (P < .001). Conclusion: These findings revealed that the single bout of soccer training at an intensity of 75% of HRmax induced leukocytosis without affecting the lymphocyte count in elite female athletes and probably the effectiveness of cellular components of adaptive immunity. Coaches should provide adequate time (>4 h) until the next exercise session. (Mikrofiche-Nummer: 18773)

  5. Mujika, I., Santisteban, J., Angulo, P. & Padilla, S. (2007). Individualized aerobic-power training in an underperforming youth elite association football player (Individualisiertes aerobes Leistungstraining bei einem Nachwuchelsistungssportler im Fußball, der seine mögliche Leistung nicht erbrachte). Int. J. Sports Physiology and Performance, 2 (3), 332-335. Zugriff am 19.01.2010 unter http://hk.humankinetics.com/IJSPP/viewarticle.cfm?jid=Xw8ph8A8Xj3eq67VXt2dbKCvXs4vfP2KXr7syTNVXd&aid=10433&site=Xw8ph8A8Xj3eq67VXt2dbKCvXs4vfP2KXr7syTNVXd
     

     Aerobic and anaerobic power are fitness traits of major relevance to association football (soccer) performance. A player’s competitive performance could suffer when either or both of these fitness qualities decline because of ineffective training. The principle of training individualization dictates that training benefits are more likely to be optimized when training programs reflect individual athletes’ needs and capacities but this principle is often neglected in team-sport settings. In this study, we report on the case of an underperforming youth elite player whose aerobic power had clearly declined over several months. A 7-week individualized training program was prescribed and implemented in an attempt to improve his performance level. (Mikrofiche-Nummer: 18781)

  6. Weiss, M. R., Amorose, A. J. & Wilko, A. M. (2009). Coaching behaviors, motivational climate, and psychosocial outcomes among female adolescent athletes. Pediatric Exercise Science, 21 (4), 475-492. Zugriff am 19.01.2010 unter http://hk.humankinetics.com/PES/viewarticle.cfm?jid=D2g8Q4HVF2d4M2F6B3t4E7eXN3t4QY4cX2w8BNCwN3q8D&aid=17632&site=D2g8Q4HVF2d4M2F6B3t4E7eXN3t4QY4cX2w8BNCwN3q8D
     

     Based on Harter’s (12,13) competence motivation theory, this study examined the relationship of coaches’ performance feedback and motivational climate with female athletes’ perceived competence, enjoyment, and intrinsic motivation. Female adolescent soccer players (N = 141) completed measures of relevant constructs toward the latter part of their season. Canonical correlation analysis revealed that athletes’ perceptions of greater positive and informational feedback given by coaches in response to successful performance attempts, greater emphasis placed on a mastery climate, and less emphasis placed on a performance climate, were significantly related to greater ability perceptions, enjoyment, and intrinsic motivation. Exploratory analyses also showed that the relationship between feedback and the psychosocial outcomes may vary as a function of the perceived motivational climate. Overall, these results suggest that coaching feedback and motivational climate are important contributors to explaining adolescent females’ continued motivation to participate in sport. (Mikrofiche-Nummer: 18782)

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  1. Ullrich, D. & Brusch, M. (2009). Systematische Nachwuchsförderung im Fußball: Neue Ansätze und zukünftige Perspektiven beim FC Energie Cottbus . Leistungssport, 40 (1), 27-30.
     

     In diesem Beitrag wird ein Teil der Nachwuchsarbeit des Fußball-Zweitligisten vorgestellt. Der Verein hatte bereits frühzeitig spezifische Tests zur Leistungserfassung bei Nachwuchsathleten etabliert. Die daraus resultierenden Daten wurden auf eine sichere und transparente Basis gestellt, indem ein umfassendes Softwaresystem eingeführt wurde. Dieses Softwaresystem ist eine für sportliche Leistungsdaten individuell angepasste Erfassungs- und Analysesoftware, womit in einem ersten Schritt eine umfassende Unterstützung aller Akteure der Nachwuchsarbeit geschaffen wurde (Mikrofiche-Nummer: 306485)

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