Influência da Maturação Esquelética na Aptidão Física de Jovens com Síndrome de Down

Indivíduos com síndrome de Down (SD) tendem a atingir prematuramente o período de maturação esquelética. Além disso, os jovens com essa condição apresentam má aptidão física e poucas oportunidades de praticar atividade física quando comparados aos sem deficiência. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a maturação esquelética de jovens com síndrome de Down e sua influência no comportamento da aptidão física relacionada à saúde, após programas de treinamento aeróbio e resistido. Quarenta pessoas com SD, com idade média de 15,4 (± 2,6) anos, foram divididas em três grupos para um programa de intervenção de 12 semanas, TA - grupo de treinamento aeróbio (3 vezes / semana; 50 minutos / sessão), TR - treinamento de resistência grupo (duas vezes / semana; 50 minutos / sessão) e GC - grupo controle, 9 participantes. A determinação da idade esquelética (EA) foi realizada pelo método de Greulich-Pyle. Variáveis ​​antropométricas, força muscular e VO2 de pico foram medidos pré e pós intervenção. Verificou-se que a maturação esquelética influenciou os efeitos do treinamento, sendo significativa apenas para peso corporal e força nas variáveis ​​remada em pé. Além disso, a força muscular dos membros superiores e inferiores aumentou significativamente após 12 semanas de treinamento aeróbio ou de resistência. Então, podemos concluir que os efeitos do treinamento físico na aptidão física de jovens com síndrome de Down parecem melhorar com o aumento da idade óssea.

Referências

1. Mahajan S. Evaluation of skeletal maturation by comparing the hand wrist radiograph and cervical vertebrae as seen in lateral cephalogram. Indian J Dental Res. 2011;22(2):309-16.
2. van Gameren-Oosterom HB, van Dommelen P, Schönbeck Y, Oudesluys-Murphy AM, van Wouwe JP, Buitendijk
SE. Prevalence of overweight in Dutch children with Down syndrome. Pediatrics. 2012;130(6):e1520-e1526.
3. Schalock RL, Borthwick-Duffy SA, Buntinx WHE, Coulter DL, Craig EM. Intellectual Disability: Definition,
Classification, and Systems of Supports. 11th ed. Maryland: American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities; 2010.
4. Chen C, Ringenbach D, Snow M. Treadmill walking effects on grip strength in young men with Down syndrome.
Res Dev Disabil. 2014;35(2):288-93.
5. Lana-Elola E, Watson-Scales S, Fisher E, Tybulewicz V. Down syndrome: searching for the genetic culprits. Dis Model Mech. 2011;4(5):586-95.
6. Bala M, Pathak A, Jain R. Assessment of skeletal age using MP3and hand-wrist radiographs and its correlation with dental and chronological ages in children. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2010;28(2):95.
7. Rai V, Saha S, Yadav G, Tripathi AM, Grover K. Dental and skeletal maturity- a biological indicator of chronologic
age. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014;8(9):60-4.
8. Cabreza-Ruiz R, Garcia-Masso X, Centeno-Prada RA, Beas-Jimenez JD, Colado JC, Gonzales LM. Time and frequency analysis of the static balance in young adults with Down syndrome. Gait & Posture. 2011;33(1):23-8.
9. Schineider P, Rodrigues LA, Meyer F. Dinamometria computadorizada como metodologia de avaliação da força
muscular de meninos e meninas em diferentes estágios de maturidade. Rev Paul Educ Fis. 2002;16(1):35-42.
10. Rowland TW. Fisiologia do exercício na criança. 2a ed. Barueri: Manole; 2008.
11. Armstrong N, Welsman JR. Peak oxygen uptake in relation to growth and maturation in 11- to 17-year-old humans. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011;85(6):546-51.
12. Calfee RP, Sutter M, Steffen JA, Goldfarb CA. Skeletal and chronological ages in American adolescents: current findings in skeletal maturation. J Child Orthop. 2010;4(5):467-70.
13. Moraes ME, Tanaka JL, Moraes LC, Filho EM, Melo CJC. Skeletal age of individuals with Down syndrome. Spec Care Dentist. 2008;28(3):101-6.
14. Rotch T. Chronologic and anatomic age in early life. J Am Med Assoc. 1908;51(15):1197-205.
15. Soegiharto BM, Cunningham SJ, Moles DR. Skeletal maturation in Indonesian and white children assessed with
hand-wrist and cervical vertebrae methods. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;134(2):217–26.
16. Dodd KJ, Shields NA. Systematic Review of the Outcomes of Cardiovascular exercise programs for people with Down syndrome. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005;86(10):2051-8.
17. Rimmer JH, Marques AC. Physical activity for people with disabilities. The Lancet. 2012;380(9851):1384-5.
18. Wuang YP, Su CY. Patterns of participation and enjoyment in adolescents with Down Syndrome. Res Dev Disabil. 2012;33(3):841–8.
19. Seron BB, Greguol M. Assessment protocols of maximum oxygen consumption in young people with Down syndrome: a review. Res Dev Disabil. 2014;35:676-85.
20. Balic MG, Mateos EC, Blasco CG. Physical Fitness Level of Physical Active and sedentary adults with Down Syndrome. Adapt Phys Activ Q. 2000;17(3):310-21.
21. Associação Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisa [ABEP]. Critérios de Classificação Econômica Brasil. São Paulo: Associação Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisa; 2010.
22. Fernhall B, Pitetti KH, Rimmer JH, Mccubbin JA, Rintala P, Millar AL, et al. Cardiorespiratory capacity of individuals with mental retardation including Down syndrome. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1996;28(3):366-71.
23. Brow LE, Weir JP. ASEP procedures recommendation I: Accurate assessment of muscular strength. Prof Exerc Physiol. 2001;4(3):1-21.
24. Shields N, Taylor NF, Dodd KJ. Effects of a community based progressive resistance training program on muscle performance and physical function in adults with Down syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008;9:1215-20.
25. Fess EE, Moran C. Clinical Assessment Recommendations. Philadelphia: American Society of Hand Therapists; 1981.
26. Winnick J, Short F. Brockport Physical Fitness Test (BPFT). Illinois: Human Kinetics; 1999.
27. Greulich WW, Pyle SI. Radiographic atlas of skeletal development of hand and wrist. 2nd ed. Stanford: Stanford University Press; 1959.
28. Malina R, Silva MJC, Figueiredo AJ, Carling C, Beune GP. Interrelationships among invasive and non-invasive
indicators of biological maturation in adolescent male soccer players. J Sports Sci. 2012;30(15):1–13.
29. Amerincan College Sports Medicine. Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41(3):687-708.
30. Fernhall B, Millar AL, Tymeson GT, Burkett LN. Maximal exercise testing of mentally retarded adolescents and adults: reliability study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1990;71(13):1065-8.
31. Gonzalez-Aguero A, Vicente-Rodriguez G, Gomez-Cabello A, Ara I, Moreno LA, Casajús JA. A combined training
intervention programme increases lean mass in youths with Down syndrome. Res Dev Disabil. 2011;32(6):2383-8.
32. Casajus J, Pueyo D, Vicente-Rodriguez G, Gonzalez-Aguero A. Mejoras de la condición cardiorrespiratoria en jóvenes con síndrome de Down mediante entrenamiento aeróbico: estudio longitudinal. Apunts Med de l’Esport. 2012;47(174):49-54.
33. Ordonez FJ, Rosety M, Rosety-Rodriguez M. Influence of 12-week exercise training on fat mass percentage in adolescents with Down syndrome. Med Sci Monit. 2006;12(10):CR416-CR419.
34. Savucu Y. Influence of 12-Week Training on Aerobic Capacity and Respiratory Functions of Adolescents with Down syndrome. World Appl Sci J. 2010;11(10):1292-6.
35. Varela AM, Sardinha LB, Pitetti KH. Effects of an aerobic rowing training regimen in young adults with Down
syndrome. Am J Ment Retard. 2001;106(2):135-44.
36. Casey AF, Rasmussen R. Reduction measures and percent body fat in individuals with intellectual disabilities: a scoping review. Disabil Health J. 2013;6(1):2-7.
37. Bandini LG, Fleming RK, Scampini R, Gleason J, Must A. Is body mass index a useful measure of excess body fatness in adolescents and young adults with Down syndrome? J Intellect Disabil Res. 2013;57(11):1050-7.
38. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Growth Charts for the United States: Methods and Development. Maryl: National Center for Health Statistics; 2000. (Vital and Health Statistics Series; 11).
39. Styles ME, Cole TJ, Dennis J, Preece MA. New cross sectional stature, weight, and head circumference references for Down's syndrome in the UK and Republic of Ireland. Arch Dis Child. 2002;87(2):104-8.
40. Cowley P, Ploutz-Snyder LL, Baynard T, Heffernan K, Jae YS, Hsu S, et al. Physical fitness predicts functional tasks in individuals with Down Syndrome. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;42(2):388-93.
41. Millar AL, Fernhall B, Burkett LN. Effects of aerobic training in adolescents with Down syndrome. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1993;25(2):270-4.
42. Tsimaras V, Giagazoglou P, Fotiadou E. Jog-walk training in cardiorespiratory fitness of adults with Down syndrome. Percept Mot Skills. 2003;96(3):1239-51.

Acessar