Integrity of sports in Brazil: an analysis of national sports governing bodies and the federal government’s anti-doping procedures

SHORT SUMMARY: This study examines whether the anti-doping procedures implemented by Brazilian sports and government institutions ensure the integrity of sport. It identifies actions aligned with international standards through document analysis and interviews with key stakeholders. However, the findings reveal inconsistencies in understanding and communication, highlighting challenges in fostering a cohesive anti-doping culture in Brazil.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to analyze whether the anti-doping procedures implemented by national sports governing bodies and governmental institutions uphold the integrity of sport in Brazil. Departing from two sporting incidents of international repercussion involving a systematic doping scheme in Russia and operational failures at the 2016 Rio Olympic and Paralympic Games, we sought to understand the context of anti-doping in Brazil from the perspective of organizational integrity.
The study employed a descriptive, qualitative approach, conducted through semi-structured interviews and document analysis. Content analysis was used to analyze the data. A total of sixteen interviews were conducted with stakeholders across two key groups: (I) representatives of national sports governing bodies, including managers, directors, coordinators, and superintendents; (II) representatives from government institutions involved in policy implementation and oversight. Regarding the document analysis, a total of 100 documents were identified and categorized into four categories: anti-doping guidelines, informative and educational materials, technical documentation, and anti-doping laws, which were then analyzed.
Regarding anti-doping education in Brazil, it is carried out both in person and through digital platforms. These initiatives are typically led by the Brazilian National Anti-Doping Authority (ABCD), national sports federations, and other institutional actors. Partnerships with universities, municipal sports departments, and international organizations such as the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) support the dissemination of information and awareness campaigns. However, while the existence of such initiatives demonstrates alignment with international frameworks, such as the World Anti-Doping Code and the UNESCO Convention, several structural and cultural limitations hinder their overall effectiveness.
A critical issue identified through interviews is the inconsistent commitment of national sports organizations to anti-doping education. Engagement varies across sports, with some federations embracing educational programming and others perceiving it as burdensome or unnecessary.
Moreover, there is a misunderstanding and stigma associated with anti-doping, where many stakeholders relate the anti-doping system to punishment and the educational action as unproductive chatter. This perception has created a barrier to open dialogue and proactive education, especially among athletes and grassroots organizations.
Another issue is the lack of systematic monitoring and evaluation mechanisms for anti-doping education programs. Interviewees expressed concern that, despite numerous activities being conducted – such as lectures, online modules, and awareness campaigns – there is no data available to assess their impact or effectiveness. The absence of measurable outcomes weakens the potential for institutional learning and cultural transformation.
The study concludes that although Brazil’s national sports institutions demonstrate formal
compliance with international anti-doping standards, compliance alone does not guarantee integrity. Integrity must be understood as a dynamic process involving ethical behaviour, cultural alignment, and proactive education. To foster a robust anti-doping culture, it is essential to invest in context-sensitive educational approaches, establish standardized evaluation tools, and promote collaboration across sectors. Only through these coordinated and culturally aware efforts can Brazil advance the integrity of sport and strengthen public trust in its institutions.

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