Psicologia do Esporte

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The Dark Side of Top Level Sport: An Autobiographic Study of Depressive Experiences in Elite Sport Performers

http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00868

ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE

Front. Psychol. | doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00868
The Dark Side of Top Level Sport: An Autobiographic Study of Depressive Experiences in Elite Sport Performers

Hannah J. Newman2, Karen L. Howells1* and David Fletcher2
1Faculty of Education and Language Studies, The Open University, United Kingdom
2School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, United Kingdom

The general and sport psychology research converge to point to a complex relationship between depressive experiences and human performance. The purpose of this study was to explore the depressive experiences of top level athletes and the relationship of such experiences with sport performance. Twelve autobiographies of elite athletes representing eight sports were analyzed. The autobiographical analysis was informed by narrative tradition, using three types of narrative analysis: categorical content, categorical form, and holistic content. The analysis revealed a temporal aspect to the depressive experiences that the athletes reported. Initially, sport represented a form of escape from the depressive symptoms which had been exacerbated by both external stressors (e.g., experiencing bereavement) and internal stressors (e.g., low self-esteem). However, in time, the athletes typically reached a stage when the demands of their sport shifted from being facilitative to being debilitative in nature with an intensification of their depressive symptoms. This was accompanied by deliberations about continuing their engagement in sport and an acceptance that they could no longer escape from their symptoms, with or without sport. The findings extend the extant literature by suggesting a reciprocal relationship between depressive experiences and sport performance, and they support the general psychology literature relating to the negative impact of depression on performance. The applied implications of these findings are discussed emphasizing the importance of early identification of depressive symptoms and the adoption of a proactive approach in the prevention and management of symptoms.

Keywords: Athletes, Depression, Health, mental, performance, wellbeing

Citation: Newman HJ, Howells KL and Fletcher D (2016). The Dark Side of Top Level Sport: An Autobiographic Study of Depressive Experiences in Elite Sport Performers. Front. Psychol. 7:868. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00868

Received: 31 Mar 2016; Accepted: 25 May 2016.

Edited by:
Marc Jones, Staffordshire University, United Kingdom
Reviewed by:
Christopher Mesagno, Federation University Australia (formerly University of Ballarat), Australia
Richard Shanahan, DBSM, Ireland  
Copyright: © 2016 Newman, Howells and Fletcher. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence: Dr. Karen L. Howells, The Open University, Faculty of Education and Language Studies, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, United Kingdom, karen.howells@open.ac.uk

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